Bone cement having improved mechanical properties, and process for the preparation thereof
Bone cements containing polyacrylates or polymethacrylates and an X-ray contrast medium can be prepared by functionalizing the X-ray contrast medium with (meth)acrylate groups prior to being coating with melamine-formaldehyde resin and subsequent polymerization. The invention resultant bone cement can be used for anchoring prosthesis components in bone, for stiffening bone, as bone screw fixing plug and as implants for anchoring screws.
1. A process for the preparation of a bone cement comprising polymerizing an acrylate or methacrylate to form a polyacrylate or polymethacrylate, wherein prior to polymerization, said acrylate or methacrylate is combined with an X-ray contrast medium which is functionalized with (meth)acrylate groups by prior coating with melamine-formaldehyde resin.
2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein functionalization of said X-ray contrast medium with (meth)acrylate groups comprises:
a) suspending solid X-ray contrast medium in water and subsequently heating the resultant suspension,
b) adding melamine-formaldehyde resin and an acid to said suspension,
c) washing and drying the resultant melamine- formaldehyde resin-coated X-ray contrast medium particles,
d) adding (meth)acryloyl chloride with stirring,
e) washing and drying of the X-ray contrast medium that has been functionalized with reactive (meth)acrylate groups.
3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said X-ray contrast medium used is a nanoscale contrast medium having a particle size of 0.5 to 50 μm.
4. A process according to claim 2 , wherein said X-ray contrast medium used is a nanoscale contrast medium having a particle size of 0.5 to 50 μm.
5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said X-ray contrast medium has a particle size of 5 to 500 nm.
6. A process according to claim 2 , wherein said X-ray contrast medium has a particle size of 5 to 500 nm.
7. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said X-ray contrast medium is employed in an amount of 8–16% by weight, based on the overall mass of the bone cement.
8. A process according to claim 2 , wherein said X-ray contrast medium is employed in an amount of 8–16% by weight, based on the overall mass of the bone cement.
9. A process according to claim 3 , wherein said X-ray contrast medium is employed in an amount of 8–16% by weight, based on the overall mass of the bone cement.
10. A process according to claim 4 , wherein said X-ray contrast medium is employed in an amount of 8–16% by weight, based on the overall mass of the bone cement.
11. A process according to claim 5 , wherein said X-ray contrast medium is employed in an amount of 8–16% by weight, based on the overall mass of the bone cement.
12. A process according to claim 6 , wherein said X-ray contrast medium is employed in an amount of 8–16% by weight, based on the overall mass of the bone cement.
13. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said X-ray contrast medium ZrO 2 , BaSO 4 or bismuth-containing or iodine-containing contrast media.
14. A process according to claim 1 , wherein said X-ray contrast medium ZrO 2 .
15. A bone cement comprising polyacrylates or polymethacrylates and an X-ray contrast medium, wherein said X-ray contrast medium has a particle size of 5 to 500 nm and the particles of said contrast medium are functionalised with (meth)acrylate groups by coating with melamine-formaldehyde resin prior polymerization to form said polyacrylates or polymethacrylates.
16. A bone cement according to claim 15 , wherein the amount of X-ray contrast medium is 8–16% by weight, based on the overall mass of the bone cement.
17. A bone cement according to claim 15 , wherein said X-ray contrast medium is zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ), barium sulfate (BaSO 4 ) or a bismuth-containing or iodine-containing contrast medium.
18. A bone cement according to claim 16 , wherein said X-ray contrast medium is zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ), barium sulfate (BaSO 4 ) or a bismuth-containing or iodine-containing contrast medium.
19. A bone cement according to claim 15 , wherein said X-ray contrast medium ZrO 2 .
20. In a process for anchoring prosthesis components in bone using a bone cement or for stiffening bone using a bone cement, the improvement wherein said bone cement is a bone cement according to claim 15 .
21. In a bone screw fixing plug comprising a bone cement or an implant for anchoring screws comprising a bone cement, the improvement wherein said bone cement is a bone cement according to claim 15 .
22. A process according to claim 1 , wherein functionalization of said X-ray contrast medium with (meth)acrylate groups comprises:
a) suspending solid X-ray contrast medium in a suspension medium and subsequently heating the resultant suspension,
b) adding melamine-formaldehyde resin and an acid to said suspension,
c) washing and drying the resultant melamine-formaldehyde resin-coated X-ray contrast medium particles,
d) adding (meth)acrylic acid or a (meth)acrylic acid halide, anhydride, azide or ester with stirring,
e) washing and drying of the X-ray contrast medium that has been functionalized with reactive (meth)acrylate groups.
23. A process according to claim 22 , wherein in step a) said suspension is heated to 30–95° C.
24. A process according to claim 22 , wherein in step b) the weight ratio of resin to contrast medium is 0.1:1–1:1.
25. A process according to claim 22 , wherein in step b) said acid is formic acid, acetic acid, p-toluene sulphuric acid.
26. A process according to claim 22 , wherein in step b) wherein said resin has a number molecular weight of 5,000–30,000 g/mol.