Method and system for microfluidic interfacing to arrays
A method and system for providing a fluidic interface to slides bearing microarrays of biomolecules or other samples immobilized thereon to perform a variety of chemical reactions or processing steps on the slide. An interface device seals against the slide to form a chamber or chambers containing all or a portion of the microarray, providing selective access to portions of the slide. The interface device includes inlet and outlet ports permitting liquid sample and reagents to be introduced to and removed from the chamber accessing the slide surface. Pre- and post-array microfluidic circuitry may be included in the interface device or in attachable modules. The system may include one or more compartments for collecting and storing waste fluids.
1. An interface device for interfacing to a surface of a substrate bearing a biological sample immobilized on a first surface thereof, comprising:
a. a main interface layer having a substantially planar interface surface adapted to conform to and interface with the first surface of the substrate to which the biological sample is immobilized;
b. a substantially planar gasket positioned at said interface surface and having at least one opening formed therethrough, wherein inside walls in the at least one opening of said gasket define the inside walls of an interface channel;
c. an inlet channel formed in said main interface layer and opening into said at least one opening;
d. an outlet channel formed in said main interface layer and opening into said at least one opening; and
e. at least one air bladder formed in said main interface layer adjacent said interface surface, wherein said at least one air bladder has a flexible lower surface defined by a substantially planar flexible gas-impermeable diaphragm layer having a portion disposed between the main interface layer and the gasket and a portion defining the flexible lower surface of the air bladder, wherein the flexible lower surface is capable of being deflected outward as said air bladder is inflated or inward as said air bladder is deflated, and wherein said air bladder communicates with at least one air channel that passes through said main interface layer and is adapted for connection with a pressure source.
2. The interface device of claim 1 , wherein said gasket has a height of between about 20 μm and about 30 μm.
3. The interface device of claim 1 , wherein said gasket has a height of between about 23 μm and about 27 μm.
4. The interface device of claim 1 , wherein said flexible lower surface of said at least one air bladder comprises a flexible diaphragm layer attached to the lower surface of said main interface layer.
5. The interface device of claim 1 , wherein said flexible lower surface of said at least one air bladder comprises a thin layer of the rigid material forming the bulk of said main interface layer.
6. The interface device of claim 1 , further comprising a waste reservoir in said main interface layer in fluid communication with said at least one outlet channel.
7. The interface device of claim 1 , further comprising a microfluidic circuit comprising at least one of a mixing circuit, a branching structure, a reservoir, a valve, or a stop junction.
8. The interface device of claim 7 , wherein said microfluidic circuit is in fluid communication between said inlet channel and said at least one interface channel.
9. The interface device of claim 7 , wherein said microfluidic circuit is in fluid communication between said at least one interface channel and said outlet.
10. The interface device of claim 7 , wherein said microfluidic circuit comprises at least one passive valve.
11. The interface device of claim 1 , wherein said at least one interface channel is defined at least in part by an interface well or groove formed in said interface surface of said main interface layer.
12. The interface device of claim 1 , wherein said gasket is formed from a resilient sheet material.
13. The interface device of claim 1 , wherein said gasket is formed by application of said resilient material directly to said interface surface.
14. The interface device of claim 1 , wherein said gasket is formed of an elastic material.
15. The interface device of claim 1 , wherein said gasket is formed of a plastically deformable material.
16. The interface device of claim 1 , wherein said gasket is formed of an adhesive material.
17. The interface device of claim 16 , wherein said adhesive is adapted to adhere reversibly to said first surface of said substrate.
18. The interface device of claim 1 , wherein said interface device is constructed from multiple layers, and wherein said interface device further comprises microfluidic circuit structures formed in at least two of said multiple layers.
19. A combination comprising the interface device of claim 1 , and a microarray slide substrate bearing a biological sample.
20. The interface device of claim 1 , wherein the gasket positioned at said interface surface has a plurality of openings formed therethrough, each said opening defining the perimeter of an interface channel or chamber connected to the inlet channel and the outlet channel.
21. The interface device of claim 20 , further comprising a microfluidic branching structure in fluid communication between the said inlet channel and a plurality of said interface channels, said branching structure adapted to divide fluid entering said inlet among said plurality of interface channels.
22. The interface device of claim 20 , further comprising a microfluidic circuit in fluid communication between at least two said interface channels and the said outlet channel, said microfluidic circuit adapted to combine fluids from said at least two interface channels into a single fluid stream flowing through said outlet channel.
23. The interface device of claim 20 , wherein at least one said interface channel is defined at least in part by an interface well or groove formed in said interface surface of said main interface layer.
24. The interface device of claim 20 , wherein said gasket is formed from a resilient sheet material.
25. The interface device of claim 20 , wherein said gasket is formed of an elastic material.
26. The interface device of claim 20 , wherein said gasket is formed of a plastically deformable material.
27. The interface device of claim 20 , wherein said gasket is formed of an adhesive material.
28. The interface device of claim 27 , wherein said adhesive is adapted to adhere reversibly to said first surface of said substrate.
29. The interface device of claim 20 , wherein said interface device is formed of multiple layers, and wherein said interface device further comprises a 3D microfluidic circuit comprising microfluidic circuit components in at least two of said multiple layers.
30. The interface device of claim 29 , wherein 3D microfluidic circuit comprises overlapping microfluidic circuit structures.
31. The interface device of claim 1 comprising two air bladders located at opposite ends of said interface channel, wherein said two air bladders are adapted to inflate and deflate reciprocally to produce agitation of fluid in said at least one interface channel.