Method for analyzing a sample from a process with on-line capillary electrophoresis apparatus and capillary electrophoresis apparatus
Disclosed is a method and apparatus by which a sample can be taken from a process and be analyzed on-line by means of a capillary electrophoresis apparatus. On the feed side of the capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) the sample is continuously collected via a duct ( 16 ) from the process into the sample feeding system and fed into the capillary ducts ( 2, 3 ) through the same duct as is the feed solution, and all the solutions ( 16, 17, 18, 19 ) both on the feed side and on the exit end of the capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) are pumped through the flow ducts, and the liquids flown through the capillary are removed on the exit end of the capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) by means of a liquid treatment system.
1. A capillary electrophoresis apparatus for on-line analysis of a sample taken from a process, said capillary electrophoresis apparatus having a capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) having a feed side and an exit side, said capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) comprising:
a separation capillary ( 1 ) having a feeding end ( 9 ) and an exit end ( 10 ),
current electrodes (E) connected to a source of voltage, and
a detector ( 4 ) substantially in the vicinity of the exit end ( 10 ) of the separation capillary ( 1 ),
the ends of the said separation capillary ( 1 ) being located in expansions ( 5 , 6 ) continuing from the lower ends of capillary ducts ( 2 , 3 ), which expansions continue as waste ducts (W 1 , W 2 ) to waste containers, the waste containers being located at a distance from the ends of the separation capillary ( 1 ), and the current electrodes (E) being located in the waste ducts (W 1 , W 2 ),
wherein on the feed side of the capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) the sample is continuously collected via a duct ( 16 ) from the process into a sample feeding system and fed into the capillary ducts ( 2 , 3 ) through the same duct as is a feed solution, and the sample feeding system is one of sample-loop-in-valve system comprising a selection valve ( 14 ) connected to a sample loop ( 15 ), an introduction system comprising a selection valve ( 14 ) connected to parallel sample loops ( 15 ) or an introduction system comprising a syringe,
and all solutions on the feed side and exit side of the capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) are pumped through the flow ducts, and liquids which flow through the separation capillary ( 1 ) are removed on the exit end ( 10 ) of the capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) by a liquid treatment system.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the feeding end ( 9 ) of the separation capillary ( 1 ) is located substantially at a height H 1 which height Hi is the distance from the expansion ( 5 ) bottom to the junction of the expansion ( 5 ) walls substantially parallel to the separation capillary ( 1 ) and the expansion ( 5 ) walls substantially divergent to the separation capillary ( 1 ).
3. The apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the exit end ( 10 ) of the separation capillary ( 1 ) is located at a height H 2 that is substantially smaller than the placement height H 1 of the feeding end ( 9 ) of the capillary ( 1 ).
4. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the exit end ( 10 ) of the separation capillary ( 1 ) is placed at a height H 2 that is 10-85% of the placement height H 1 of the feeding end ( 9 ) of the capillary ( 1 ).
5. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the exit end ( 10 ) of the separation capillary ( 1 ) is placed at a height H 2 that is 20-70% of the placement height H 1 of the feeding end ( 9 ) of the capillary ( 1 ).
6. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the diameter of the expansions ( 5 , 6 ) is approximately 1-10 mm.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the inner diameter of the capillary ducts ( 2 , 3 ) and the separation capillary ( 1 ) is 0.02-1.0 mm.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein the inner diameter of the capillary ducts ( 2 , 3 ) and the separation capillary ( 1 ) is 0.1-0.5 mm.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein flow in the capillary ducts ( 2 , 3 ) is created by means of gravity or by means of vacuum or overpressure.
10. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the sample is fed by means of a selection valve ( 14 ).
11. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the sample is connected with an electrolyte and optionally other solutions before feeding into the separation capillary ( 1 ), and wherein the electrolyte and other optional solutions are removed by means of said liquid treatment system.
12. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the current electrodes (E) are located in the vicinity of the downstream ends of the waste ducts (W 1 , W 2 ).
13. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein there are seven parallel sample loops.
14. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the sample feeding is by an electrokinetic device, by a pressure device or by a hydrodynamic device.
15. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the expansion ( 5 ) has an upper part with a spherical symmetrical shape, a conically symmetrical shape or a horn symmetrical shape.
16. A capillary electrophoresis apparatus for on-line analysis of a sample taken from a process, said capillary electrophoresis apparatus having a capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) having a feed side and an exit side, said capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) comprising:
a separation capillary ( 1 ) having a feeding end ( 9 ) and an exit end ( 10 ),
current electrodes (E) connected to a source of voltage, and
a detector ( 4 ) substantially in the vicinity of the exit end ( 10 ) of the separation capillary ( 1 ),
the ends of the said separation capillary ( 1 ) being located in expansions ( 5 , 6 ) continuing from the lower ends of capillary ducts ( 2 , 3 ), which expansions continue as waste ducts (W 1 , W 2 ) to waste containers, the waste containers being located at a distance from the ends of the separation capillary ( 1 ), and the current electrodes (E) being located in the waste ducts (W 1 , W 2 ),
wherein on the feed side of the capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) the sample is continuously collected via a duct ( 16 ) from the process into a sample feeding system, which is a sample-loop-in-valve system comprising a selection valve ( 14 ) connected to a sample loop ( 15 ) and fed into the capillary ducts ( 2 , 3 ) through the same duct as is a feed solution,
wherein all solutions on the feed side and exit side of the capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) are pumped through the flow ducts, and liquids which flow through the separation capillary ( 1 ) are removed on the exit end ( 10 ) of the capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) by a liquid treatment system.
17. A capillary electrophoresis apparatus for on-line analysis of a sample taken from a process, said capillary electrophoresis apparatus having a capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) having a feed side and an exit side, said capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) comprising:
a separation capillary ( 1 ) having a feeding end ( 9 ) and an exit end ( 10 ),
current electrodes (E) connected to a source of voltage, and
a detector ( 4 ) substantially in the vicinity of the exit end ( 10 ) of the separation capillary ( 1 ),
the ends of the said separation capillary ( 1 ) being located in expansions ( 5 , 6 ) continuing from the lower ends of capillary ducts ( 2 , 3 ), which expansions continue as waste ducts (W 1 , W 2 ) to waste containers, the waste containers being located at a distance from the ends of the separation capillary ( 1 ), and the current electrodes (E) being located in the waste ducts (W 1 , W 2 ),
wherein on the feed side of the capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) the sample is continuously collected via a duct ( 16 ) from the process into a sample feeding system, which is an introduction system comprising a selection valve ( 14 ) connected to parallel sample loops ( 15 ) and fed into the capillary ducts ( 2 , 3 ) through the same duct as is a feed solution,
wherein all solutions on the feed side and exit side of the capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) are pumped through the flow ducts, and liquids which flow through the separation capillary ( 1 ) are removed on the exit end ( 10 ) of the capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) by a liquid treatment system.
18. The apparatus according to claim 17 , wherein there are seven parallel sample loops.
19. A capillary electrophoresis apparatus for on-line analysis of a sample taken from a process, said capillary electrophoresis apparatus having a capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) having a feed side and an exit side, said capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) comprising:
a separation capillary ( 1 ) having a feeding end ( 9 ) and an exit end ( 10 ),
current electrodes (E) connected to a source of voltage, and
a detector ( 4 ) substantially in the vicinity of the exit end ( 10 ) of the separation capillary ( 1 ),
the ends of the said separation capillary ( 1 ) being located in expansions ( 5 , 6 ) continuing from the lower ends of capillary ducts ( 2 , 3 ), which expansions continue as waste ducts (W 1 , W 2 ) to waste containers, the waste containers being located at a distance from the ends of the separation capillary ( 1 ), and the current electrodes (E) being located in the waste ducts (W 1 , W 2 ),
wherein on the feed side of the capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) the sample is continuously collected via a duct ( 16 ) from the process into a sample feeding system, which is an introduction system comprising a syringe, and fed into the capillary ducts ( 2 , 3 ) through the same duct as is a feed solution,
wherein all solutions on the feed side and exit side of the capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) are pumped through the flow ducts, and liquids which flow through the separation capillary ( 1 ) are removed on the exit end ( 10 ) of the capillary electrophoresis unit ( 13 ) by a liquid treatment system.