Role for GLP-1 to mediate responses to disparate stressors
GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor antagonists have been found to have a sedative or anxiolytic effect on the mammalian central nervous system. Conversely, GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor agonists increase nervous system activity and the stress response. The invention relates, in one aspect, to the use of GLP-1 agonists and antagonists to modulate the stress response in a mammal. In an aspect GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor antagonists are used to treat stress-related disorders.
1. A method of sedating a mammalian subject, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a subject requiring sedation or the alleviation of anxiety; and
(b) administering a peptide antagonist of the GLP-1 receptor to the mammalian subject in an amount sufficient to produce a sedative or anxiolytic effect on the mammalian subject, wherein said antagonist of the GLP-1 receptor is selected from the group consisting of exendin (9-39); GLP-1(9-36/37); exendin4(3-39); exendin (4-39) and exendin (8-39).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mammalian subject is a human being.
3. A method to modulate the effects of an elevated level of a stress-activated hormone within a mammalian subject, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a subject “having an elevated level of stress-activated hormone” requiring sedation or alleviation of anxiety; and
(b) administering a peptide GLP-1 R antagonist to the mammalian subject, wherein the effects of said elevated level of a stress-activated hormone decrease, and wherein said GLP-1 R antagonist is selected from the group consisting of exendin (9-39); GLP-1(9-36/37); exendin4(3-39); exendin (4-39); and exendin (8-39).
4. A method to treat a stress-related disorder, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a mammalian subject exhibiting a stress-related disorder requiring sedation or the alleviation of anxiety; and
(b) administering a therapeutically effective amount of a peptide GLP-1 receptor antagonist to said subject, wherein administering a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1 receptor antagonist produces a sedative or anxiolytic effect in said subject, and wherein said GLP-1 receptor antagonist is selected from the group consisting of exendin (9-39); GLP-1(9-36/37); exendin4(3-39); exendin (4-39) and exendin (8-39).
5. A method of sedating a mammalian subject, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a subject requiring sedation or the alleviation of anxiety; and
(b) administering a peptide antagonist of the GLP-1 receptor to the mammalian subject in an amount sufficient to produce a sedative or anxiolytic effect on the mammalian subject, wherein said antagonist of the GLP-1 receptor is selected from the group consisting of exendin (9-39); GLP-1(9-36/37); exendin4(3-39); exendin (4-39); exendin (8-39).
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the antagonist of the GLP-1 receptor is administered intracerebroventricularly.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the mammalian subject is a human being.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the antagonist of the GLP-1 receptor is administered orally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intravenously.
9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the mammalian subject exhibits a stress-related disorder.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said stress-related disorder is selected from the group consisting of: anxiety, aggression, psychosis, seizures, panic attacks, hysteria, and sleep disorders.
11. A method to modulate the effects of an elevated level of a stress-activated hormone within a mammalian subject, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a subject “having an elevated level of stress-activated hormone” requiring sedation or the alleviation of anxiety; and
(b) administering a peptide (GLP-1 R antagonist to the mammalian subject, wherein the effects of said elevated level of a stress-activated hormone decrease, and wherein said GLP-1 R antagonist is selected from the group consisting of exendin (9-39);GLP-1 (9-36/37); exendin4(3-39); exendin (4-39); exendin (8-39); des- His 1 , Glu 9 -exendin-4; exendin (5-39); exendin (6-39) and exendin (7-39).
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said stress-activated hormone is adrenocorticotropin.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein said stress-activated hormone is a glucocorticoid.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein said elevated stress-activated hormone results from internal stress.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein said elevated level of a stress-activated hormone results from external stress.
16. A method to treat a stress-related disorder, said method comprising the step of:
(a) providing mammalian subject exhibiting a stress-related disorder requiring sedation or the alleviation of anxiety; and
(b) administering a therapeutically effective amount of peptide GLP-1receptor antagonist to said subject, wherein administering a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1 receptor antagonist produces a sedative or anxiolytic effect in said subject, and wherein said GLP-1receptor antagonist is selected from the group consisting of exendin (9-39); GLP-1 (9-36/37); exendin4(3-39); exendin (4-39); exendin (8-39); des-His 1 , Glu 9 -exendin-4; exendin (5-39); exendin (6-39) and exendin (7-39).
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein said GLP-1 receptor antagonist is administered intracerebroventricularly, orally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intravenously.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein said therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1 receptor antagonist is in the range of 0.001 to 30 mg/kg body weight.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein said therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1 receptor antagonist is in the range of 0.01 to 3 mg/kg body weight.
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein said therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1 receptor antagonist is in the range of 0.01 to 0.5 mg kg body weight.
21. The method of claim 16 , wherein said therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1 receptor antagonist is in the range of 0.01 to 30 mg/kg body weight.