Metabolically engineered micro-organisms having improved galactose uptake
A recombinant prototrophic micro-organism such as a yeast is provided which over-expresses the activity of an enzyme catalysing the conversion of glucose-1 phosphate to glucose-6 phosphate in the galactose uptake and metabolism pathway. Suitably the increased enzyme activity is due to over-expression of the gene PGM2. This produces increased uptake of galactose and increased ethanol production when the organism is grown on a galactose containing medium.
1. A recombinant, prototrophic micro-organism exhibiting an increased level of galactose uptake rate when cultured on a nutrient source providing galactose, said micro-organism being a Saccaromyces cerevisiae having the ability to grow on minimal medium and over expressing PGM2, which is an enzyme catalysing the conversion of glucose-1 phosphate to glucose-6 phosphate in the galactose uptake and metabolism pathway, compared to a reference micro-organism having a native level of expression of said enzyme and from which the recombinant micro-organism is derived, wherein said over expression of said enzyme is due to said micro-organism having multiple copies of a gene coding for said enzyme or is due to a gene coding for said enzyme being under the control of a genetic control sequence which has been recombinantly introduced and which is not natively associated with said gene.
2. The micro-organism of claim 1 , wherein said enzyme is expressed in the micro-organism at a level which is 1.5 or more times that of said reference micro-organism.
3. The micro-organism of claim 1 , having multiple copies of a gene coding for said enzyme.
4. The micro-organism of claim 1 , wherein a gene coding for said enzyme is under the control of a genetic control sequence which has been recombinantly introduced and which is not natively associated with said gene, leading to over expression of said enzyme.
5. The micro-organism of claim 1 , which exhibits an increase of maximum specific galactose uptake rate of at least 10% in comparison to the maximum specific galactose uptake rate in said reference micro-organism.
6. The micro-organism of claim 1 , which exhibits an increase of said enzyme expression of at least 2 fold in comparison to the enzyme expression in said reference micro-organism.
7. The micro-organism of claim 1 , which exhibits an increased maximum specific ethanol production rate compared to the maximum specific ethanol production rate in said reference micro-organism.
8. The micro-organism of claim 6 , wherein said specific ethanol production rate is increased by at least a factor of 1.5 relative to the rate in said reference microorganism.
9. A method of ethanol production, lactic acid production, or citric acid production, comprising growing a micro-organism on a galactose containing nutrient source to produce ethanol as a metabolite, wherein said micro-organism is a recombinant, prototrophic micro-organism according to claim 1 , and recovering ethanol, lactic acid, or citric acid therefrom.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said enzyme activity is expressed in the micro-organism at a level which is 1.5 or more times the level of said enzyme activity in said reference micro-organism.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the micro-organism exhibits an increase of maximum specific galactose uptake rate of at least 10% in comparison to said reference micro-organism.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the micro-organism exhibits an increase of said enzyme activity of at least 2 fold in comparison to said enzyme activity in said reference micro-organism.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the micro-organism exhibits an increased maximum specific ethanol production rate compared to said rate in said reference micro-organism.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein said ethanol production rate is increased by at least a factor of 1.5.
15. The method of claim 9 , wherein said nutrient source comprises lactose or raffinose.