Enzymatic process for generation of foods, feedstuffs and ingredients therefor
A method for processing organic materials into highly soluble food products is provided by treating the organic material with one enzyme at pH and temperature conditions optimal for reaction followed by a condition change to inactivate the first enzyme while creating an optimal condition for a second enzyme and further terminating the second reaction by inactivating the second enzyme. A third enzyme may optionally be added to this reaction. The sequential enzyme-treated products are then cooled, filtered and dried thereby transformed into final food products.
1. A process for solubilizing an organic material in an aqueous solution, the process comprising the steps of:
(a) treating the organic material with an amount of glycosidase at a pH and a temperature effective to maintain the glycosidase active, wherein the organic material comprises a quantity of starch and mucilage, the amount of glycosidase being effective to digest polysacchardes;
(b) modifying the pH to a level effective to deactivate the glycosidase;
(c) treating the organic material with an amount of protease, the amount of protease being effective to break down proteins at the modified PH;
(d) modifying the temperature to a level effective to deactivate the protease;
(e) treating the organic material with an amount of alpha-amylase, the amount of alpha-amylase being effective to break down starch molecules at the modified temperature and pH; and
(f) further modifying the temperature to a level effective to deactivate the alpha-amylase, thereby solubilizing the organic material.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the organic material is a blend of grains, seeds, oilseeds, or crop materials.
3. The process of claim 1 , where the organic material is processed prior to glycosidase treatment by physically reducing the size of the material.
4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the size reduction is obtained by crushing, grinding, hammer milling, ball milling, crimping, blending, pressing, flaking, cracking, mixing or combinations thereof.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the organic material is defatted prior to glycosidase treatment.
6. The process of claim 5 , wherein defatting is performed by solvent extraction, pressing, expelling, extrusion, hot water extraction, carbon dioxide extraction, or combinations thereof.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the glycosidase is viscozyme.
8. The process of claim 7 , wherein viscozyme is mixed with the organic material at a pH range of from about 3.5 to about 5.5 at about 40-50° C. for about 0.5 to 6 hours.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein viscozyme is mixed with the organic material at a pH of about 4.5 at about 45° C. for about 3 hours.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the protease is neutrase.
11. The process of claim 10 , wherein neutrase is mixed with the glycosidase-treated organic material at a pH range of from about 5.6 to about 7.5 at 40-50° C. for about 30-90 minutes.
12. The process of claim 11 , wherein neutrase is mixed with the glycosidase-treated organic material at a pH of about 6.0 at about 45° C. for about 60 minutes.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the amylase is a termamyl.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein termamyl is mixed with the protease-treated organic material at about 90-100° C. for about 30-90 minutes.
15. The process of claim 14 , wherein termamyl is mixed with the protease-treated organic material at about 95° C. for about 30-60 minutes.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pH is modified using a food grade acid.
17. The process of claim 16 , wherein the food grade acid is selected from the group consisting essentially of citric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, octanoic acid, proprionic acid, and a mixture thereof.
18. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solubilized organic material contains highly digestible protein, soluble saccharide, and soluble starch fraction.