Dynamic yaw steering method for spacecrafts

1. A spacecraft with a yaw steering system performing yaw steering by:

steering the spacecraft to have a yaw angle (ψ) for all sun elevation angles (β) in accordance with a yaw steering guidance law that provides a yaw steering motion about a yaw axis which is smooth for all sun elevation angles (β),

wherein at least part of the guidance law comprises a smoothing function (f), which is a function of an orbital position parameter (η) of the spacecraft, the smoothing function (f) smoothing the yaw steering motion for values of the orbital position parameter (η) where high rotational rates {dot over (ψ)} or high rotational accelerations {umlaut over (ψ)} would occur without the smoothing function (f).

2. A spacecraft having a steering device, the steering device performing spacecraft steering by:

yaw steering of the spacecraft to have a yaw angle for all sun elevation angles; and

reducing rotational rates or rotational accelerations below a predetermined value by smoothing a yaw steering motion at predetermined orbital position parameters.

3. The spacecraft according to claim 2 , wherein the spacecraft steering is further performed by:

steering the spacecraft with a yaw steering guidance law which provides a yaw steering motion about a yaw axis,

wherein at least part of the guidance law comprises a smoothing function that is a function of an orbital position parameter of the spacecraft, the smoothing function smoothing the yaw steering motion.

4. The spacecraft according to claim 3 , wherein a first part of the guidance law is applied for all sun elevation angles larger or equal to a defined sun elevation angle, in which the first part of the guidance law is independent of the smoothing function, and a second part of the guidance law is applied for all sun elevation angles smaller than a defined sun elevation angle, in which the second part of the guidance law is based on smoothing function.