Weakly ionic aqueous suspensions of ground mineral matter and their uses
The invention relates to the use of a weakly ionic and water-soluble copolymer as a grinding aid agent for grinding mineral matter in aqueous suspension in order to obtain aqueous suspensions of refined mineral matter, with a dry matter concentration that can be high, with a low Brookfield™ viscosity that remains stable over time, having the property that it presents a pigmentary surface area the ionic charge of which, as determined by ionic titration, is low. The invention relates to the aqueous suspensions of mineral matter obtained and their use in the fields of paper, paint and plastics.
1. A grinding aid agent for mineral matter in aqueous suspension, wherein the grinding agent comprises a copolymer of:
a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated anionic monomer having (i) a monocarboxyl function selected from ethylenically unsaturated monomers having a monocarboxyl function, or (ii) a dicarboxyl function selected from ethylenically unsaturated monomers having a dicarboxyl function or (iii) a sulfonic function selected from ethylenically unsaturated monomers having a sulfonic function, or (iv) a phosphoric function selected from ethylenically unsaturated monomers having a phosphoric function, or (v) a phosphonic function selected from ethylenically unsaturated monomers having a phosphonic function, or mixtures thereof,
b) at least one non-ionic ethylenically unsaturated monomer of formula (I):
where
m and p represent a number of alkylene oxide units less than or equal to 150
n represents a number of ethylene oxide units less than or equal to 150
q represents an integer equal to at least 1 and such that 5≦(m+n+p)q≦150,
R 1 represents hydrogen or the methyl or ethyl radical
R 2 represents hydrogen or the methyl or ethyl radical
R represents a radical containing a polymerizable unsaturated function, belonging to the vinyl group and to the group of acrylic, methacrylic, maleic, itaconic, crotonic, and vinylphtalic esters and to the group of urethane unsaturates such as acrylurethane, methacrylurethane, α-α′ dimethyl-isopropenyl-benzylurethane and allylurethane, and to the group of allyl or vinyl ethers, whether or not substituted, or to the group of ethylenically unsaturated amides or imides,
R′ represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms,
or a mixture of several monomers of formula (I),
c) at least one organofluorinated or organosilylated monomer selected from among the molecules of formulae (IIa) or (IIb) or (IIc) or mixtures thereof: with formula (IIa)
where
m1, p1, m2 and p2 represent a number of alkylene oxide units less than or equal to 150
n1 and n2 represent a number of ethylene oxide units less than or equal to 150
q1 and q2 represent an integer equal to at least 1 and such that 0≦(m1+n1+p1)q1≦150 and 0≦(m2+n2+p2)q2≦150,
r represents a number such that 1≦r≦200
R 3 represents a radical containing a polymerizable unsaturated function, belonging to the vinyl group and to the group of acrylic, methacrylic, maleic, itaconic, crotonic, and vinylphtalic esters and to the group of urethane unsaturates such as acrylurethane, methacrylurethane, α-α′dimethyl-isopropenyl-benzylurethane and allylurethane, and to the group of allyl or vinyl ethers, whether or not substituted, or to the group of ethylenically unsaturated amides or imides,
R 4 , R 5 , R 10 and R 11 represent hydrogen or the methyl or ethyl radical
R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 rep resent straight or branched alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl groups having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a mixture thereof
R 12 represents a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms
A and B are groups which may be present, in which case they represent a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
with formula (IIb)
R-A-Si(OB) 3
where
R represents a radical containing a polymerizable unsaturated function, belonging to the vinyl group and to the group of acrylic, methacrylic, maleic, itaconic, crotonic, and vinylphtalic esters and to the group of urethane unsaturates such as acrylurethane, methacrylurethane, α-α′dimethyl-isopropenyl-benzylurethane and allylurethane, and to the group of allyl or vinyl ethers, whether or not substituted, or to the group of ethylenically unsaturated amides or imides,
A is a group which may be present, in which case it represents a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
B represents a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
with formula (IIc)
where
m3, p3, m4 and p4 represent a number of alkylene oxide units less than or equal to 150
n3 and n4 represent a number of ethylene oxide units less than or equal to 150
q3 and q4 represent an integer equal to at least 1 and such that 0≦(m3+n3+p3)q3≦150 and 0≦(m4+n4+p4)q4≦150,
r′ represents a number such that 1≦r′≦200,
R 13 represents a radical containing a polymerizable unsaturated function, belonging to the vinyl group and to the group of acrylic, methacrylic, maleic, itaconic, crotonic, and vinylphtalic esters and to the group of urethane unsaturates such as acrylurethane, methacrylurethane, α-α′dimethyl-isopropenyl-benzylurethane and allylurethane, and to the group of allyl or vinyl ethers, whether or not substituted, or to the group of ethylenically unsaturated amides or imides,
R 14 , R 15 , R 20 and R 21 represent hydrogen or the methyl or ethyl radical
R 16 , R 17 , R 18 and R 19 represent straight or branched alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl groups having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a mixture thereof
D and E are groups which may be present, in which case they represent a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
d) optionally at least one monomer of the acrylamide or methacrylamide type or their derivatives or mixtures thereof, or at least one non water-soluble monomer, or at least one cationic monomer or quaternary ammonium,
e) optionally at least one crosslinking monomer selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropanetriacrylate, allyl acrylate, the allyl maleates, methylene-bis-acrylamide, methylene-bis-methacrylamide, tetrallyloxyethane, triallylcyanurates, and allyl ethers prepared from polyols,
the total of the components a), b), c), d) and e) being equal to 100%,
and having an intrinsic viscosity less than or equal to 100 ml/g determined in accordance with the method known as the intrinsic viscosity method.
2. The grinding agent for mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 characterized in that said copolymer comprises, by weight, of:
a) from 2% to 95% of said at least one ethylenically unsaturated anionic monomer,
b) from 97.9% to 4.9% of said at least one non-ionic ethylenically unsaturated monomer of formula (I),
from 0.1% to 50% of said at least one organofluorinated or organosilylated monomer selected from among the molecules of formulae (IIa) or (IIb) or (IIc) or mixtures thereof,
d) from 0% to 50% of said at least one monomer of the acrylamide or methacrylamide type, or at least one non water-soluble monomer, or unsaturated esters, or vinyls, or at least one cationic monomer or quaternary ammonium,
e) from 0% to 5% of said at least one crosslinking monomer selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropanetriacrylate, allyl acrylate, the allyl maleates, methylene-bis-acrylamide, methylene-bis-methacrylamide, tetrallyloxyethane, triallylcyanurates, allyl ethers prepared from polyols,
the total of the components a), b), c), d) and e) being equal to 100%, and in that said copolymer has an intrinsic viscosity less than or equal to 100 ml/g determined in accordance with the method known as the intrinsic viscosity method.
3. The grinding aid agent for mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , characterized in that said copolymer is in its acid form, fully neutralized or partially neutralized by one or more neutralizing agents having a monovalent neutralizing function or a polyvalent neutralizing function.
4. The grinding aid agent for mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , characterized in that said copolymer obtained from the copolymerization reaction may, before or after the total or partial neutralization reaction, be treated and separated into several phases, according to statistical or dynamic processes, by one or more polar solvents belonging to the group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanols, acetone, tetrahydrofurane or mixtures thereof.
5. A process for grinding mineral matter in aqueous suspension consisting of refining an aqueous suspension of said mineral materials into very fine particles characterized in that use is made, as a grinding aid agent before and/or during the grinding stage, of 0.05% to 10% by dry weight, with respect to the dry weight of mineral matter, of the copolymer according to claim 1 and in that use may be made of at least one other dispersant or grinding aid agent before and/or during the grinding stage.
6. The grinding process in aqueous suspension according to claim 5 , characterized in that said other dispersant or grinding aid agent is selected from homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid in their acid forms, or fully or partially neutralized by one or more neutralizing agents, or H 3 O + ion donors.
7. The grinding process in aqueous suspension according to claim 6 , characterized in that use is made of 0.05% to 1.0%, by dry weight with respect to the dry weight of mineral substances, of said other dispersant or grinding aid agent.
8. The grinding process in aqueous suspension according to claim 5 , characterized in that the temperature during the course of the grinding stage and for all the variants of the grinding process is between 15° C. and 150° C.
9. The grinding process in aqueous suspension according to claim 5 , characterized in that, for mineral matter containing carbonate, the pH during the course of the grinding stage lies between 6 and 13.
10. The grinding process in aqueous suspension according to claim 5 , characterized in that, for mineral matter not containing carbonate, the pH during the course of the grinding stage lies between 2 and 13.
11. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the ethylenically unsaturated anionic monomer of (a) comprises acrylic or methacrylic acid, hemiesters of diacids, C 1 to C 4 monoesters of maleic or itaconic acid, or mixtures thereof; crotonic, isocrotonic, cinnamic, itaconic, maleic acid, anhydrides of carboxyl acids, maleic anhydride; acrylamido-methyl-propane-sulfonic acid, sodium methallylsulfonate, vinylsulfonic acid and styrenesulfonic acid; vinylphosphoric acid, ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate, propylene glycol methacrylate phosphate, ethylene glycol acrylate phosphate, propylene glycol acrylate phosphate and their ethoxylates, or vinylphosphonic acid.
12. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the ethylenically unsaturated anionic monomer of (a) comprises acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
13. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein q in formula (I) represents an integer such that 15≦(m+n+p)q≦120.
14. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein R′ in formula (I) represents a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
15. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein R′ in formula (I) represents a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
16. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein in formula (I), R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen, R is methacrylate, and R′ is methyl.
17. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein in formula (I), R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen, R is vinyl, and R′ is methyl.
18. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein component c) is formula (IIb).
19. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 18 , wherein in formula (IIb), R is vinyl, A is absent and B is methyl.
20. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 18 , wherein in formula (IIb), R is methacrylate, A is propyl and B is methyl.
21. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein d) is optionally a monomer comprising N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]acrylamide or N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide, and mixtures thereof; alkyl acrylates or methacrylates or mixtures thereof; N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]methacrylate, N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]acrylate, or mixtures thereof; vinyl acetate, vinylpyrrolidone, styrene, alphamethylstyrene, or mixtures thereof; [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethyl ammonium chloride, sulphate, [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethyl ammonium chloride, sulphate, [3-(acrylamido)propyl]trimethyl ammonium chloride, sulphate, dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, sulphate, [3-(methacrylamido)propyl]trimethyl ammonium chloride or sulphate, or mixtures thereof.
22. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein e) is a crosslinking monomer comprising an allyl ether prepared from pentacrylthritol, sorbitol or sucrose.
23. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer comprises from 3% to 25% of component a).
24. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer comprises from 4% to 15% of component a).
25. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer comprises from 95% to 65% of component b).
26. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer comprises from 92% to 78% of component b).
27. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer comprises from 0.2% to 10% of component (c).
28. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer comprises from 0.3% to 5% of component c).
29. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer comprises from 0% to 10% of component d).
30. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer comprises from 0% to 5% of component d).
31. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer comprises from 0 to 3% of component e).
32. The grinding aid agent in mineral matter in aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , characterized in that said copolymer is in its acid form, fully neutralized or partially neutralized by one or more neutralizing agents comprising sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium alkaline cations; primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic and/or cyclic amines, stearylamine, ethanolamines; mono-, di- or triethanolamine; mono and diethylamine; cyclohexylamine, methylcyclohexylamine, aminomethylpropanol, morpholine; magnesium, calcium, or zinc alkaline earth divalent cations; and aluminium trivalent cations.
33. The grinding process in aqueous suspension according to claim 5 , wherein the other dispersant or grinding aid agent is phosphoric acid and/or its salts with soda and/or lime.
34. The grinding process in aqueous suspension according to claim 5 , characterized in that the temperature during the course of the grinding stage and for all the variants of the grinding process is between 50° C. and 105° C.
35. The grinding process in aqueous suspension according to claim 5 , characterized in that the temperature during the course of the grinding stage and for all the variants of the grinding process is between 60° C. and 98° C.
36. The grinding process in aqueous suspension according to claim 5 , characterized in that, for mineral matter containing carbonate, the pH during the course of the grinding stage lies between 7.5 and 12.
37. The grinding process in aqueous suspension according to claim 5 , characterized in that, for mineral matter containing carbonate, the pH during the course of the grinding stage lies between 8 and 10.
38. The grinding process in aqueous suspension according to claim 5 , characterized in that, for mineral matter not containing carbonate, the pH during the course of the grinding stage lies between 7.5 and 12.
39. The grinding process in aqueous suspension according to claim 5 , characterized in that, for mineral matter not containing carbonate, the pH during the course of the grinding stage lies between 8 and 10.