Reactive deposition for electrochemical cell production
Light reactive deposition can be adapted effectively for the deposition of one or more electrochemical cell components. In particular, electrodes, electrolytes, electrical interconnects can be deposited form a reactive flow. In some embodiments, the reactive flow comprises a reactant stream that intersects a light beam to drive a reaction within a light reactive zone to produce product that is deposited on a substrate. The approach is extremely versatile for the production of a range of compositions that are useful in electrochemical cells and fuel cell, in particular. The properties of the materials, including the density and porosity can be adjusted based on the deposition properties and any subsequent processing including, for example, heat treatments.
1. A method for forming an electrochemical cell, the method comprising performing the sequential reactive deposition of an elemental metal or metal alloy, and a metalloid oxide, wherein the reactive deposition comprises moving a substrate or platen relative to a product flow for at least a portion of the time period when deposition is being performed and wherein the sequential reactive depositions are performed with respect to a single reaction zone, wherein a reactant flow intersects with a light beam to drive a reaction that forms the product flow and wherein the reactant flow is generated from an inlet nozzle.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the metalloid oxide comprises silicon oxide.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the sequential deposition is performed on a metal support layer.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the elemental metal or alloy comprises copper.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the reactant flow comprises an aerosol.
6. A method for forming a fuel cell component, the method comprising contacting a cell assembly with a solvent to dissolve a soluble material and to form reactant flow channels to an electrode wherein the soluble material is deposited from a reactive flow involving a reactant stream that intersects a light beam to form a product flow that intersects with the substrate to deposit a reaction product onto the substrate.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the soluble material comprises a soluble metal/metalloid composition.
8. A method of sealing fuel cells comprising heating a stack of cells wherein each cell has a rim that contacts the rim of an adjacent cell and wherein a sealing material is deposited along the rim, the sealing material having been deposited from a reactive flow wherein the reactive flow involves a reactant flow that intersects a light beam that drives a reaction to form a product flow that intersects a substrate to deposit the product material.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the sealing material is a glass.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the sealing material comprises a metal ceramic.