Compounds
Compounds of formula (I); wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and may be selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, an acyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an alkylthio group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylsulfinyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an amino group, and an alkylamino group; and X represents a carboxylic acid group, a carboxylate group, or a carboxamide group; or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, complex or pro-drug thereof, with the provisos that the compound of formula (I) is not (all-Z)-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), alpha-methyl DHA, alpha-methyl DHA methyl ester, alpha-methyl DHA ethyl ester or alpha-hydroxy DHA ethyl ester, are disclosed. A fatty acid composition and a pharmaceutical composition comprising such compounds are also disclosed. The use of such compounds as medicaments, in particular for the treatment of diabetes type 2, is also disclosed.
1. A compound of formula (I):
wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and are chosen from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, an acyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an alkylthio group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylsulfinyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an amino group, and an alkylamino group; and
X represents a carboxylic acid group or a carboxylate group,
or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, complex or pro-drug thereof;
with the provisos that:
the compound of formula (I) is not (all-Z)-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), alpha-methyl DHA, alpha-methyl DHA methyl ester, alpha-methyl DHA ethyl ester, or alpha-hydroxy DHA ethyl ester, and R 1 and R 2 are not simultaneously a hydrogen atom.
2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the alkyl group is chosen from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, and n-hexyl.
3. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the alkenyl group is chosen from allyl, 2-butenyl, and 3-hexenyl.
4. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the alkynyl group is chosen from propargyl, 2-butynyl, and 3-hexynyl.
5. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the halogen atom is chosen from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
6. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the alkoxy group is chosen from methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, sec-butoxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, OCH 2 CF 3 , and OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 .
7. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the aryl group is a phenyl group.
8. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the alkoxycarbonyl group is chosen from methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, and butoxycarbonyl.
9. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the alkylsulfinyl group is chosen from methanesulfinyl, ethanesulfinyl, and isopropanesulfinyl.
10. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the alkylsulfonyl group is chosen from methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl, and isopropanesulfonyl.
11. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the alkylamino group is chosen from methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, and diethylamino.
12. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the carboxylate group is chosen from ethyl carboxylate, methyl carboxylate, n-propyl carboxylate, isopropyl carboxylate, n-butyl carboxylate, sec-butyl carboxylate, and n-hexyl carboxylate.
13. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is a hydrogen atom, R 2 is an alkyl group, and X is a carboxylate group.
14. The compounds according to claim 13 , wherein R 1 is a hydrogen atom, R 2 is a n-propyl group, and X is an ethyl carboxylate group.
15. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein when R 1 and R 2 are not the same, the compound is present as the S enantiomer.
16. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein when R 1 and R 2 are not the same, the compound is present as the R enantiomer.
17. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein when R 1 and R 2 are not the same, the compound is present as the racemate.
18. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein when R 1 and R 2 are not the same, the compound is present as a mixture of the R and S enantiomers.
19. The compound according to claim 1 , in the form of a salt wherein X is a COO − Z + , wherein Z + is Li + , Na + , K + , NH 4 + , or substituted NH 4 + .
20. The compound according to claim 1 , in the form of a salt according to the formula:
wherein Z 2+ is Mg 2+ or Ca 2+ .
21. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein X is a carboxylic acid derivative in the form of a triglyceride or a phospholipid.
22. A compound of formula (I):
wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and are chosen from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, and acyloxy group, an acyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, and alkylthio group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylsulfinyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an amino group, or an alkylamino group; and
X represents a carboxylic acid group,
or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, complex or pro-drug thereof;
with the provisos that:
the compound of formula (I) is not (all-Z)-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), alpha-methyl DHA, alpha-methyl DHA methyl ester, alpha-methyl DHA ethyl ester or aipha-hydroxy DHA ethyl ester, and R 1 and R 2 are not simultaneously a hydrogen atom.
23. A compound of formula (I):
wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and are chosen from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, and acyloxy group, an acyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, and alkylthio group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylsulfinyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an amino group, or an alkylamino group; and
X represents a carboxylic acid group, wherein the carboxylic acid is present as its diglyceride derivative;
with the provisos that:
the compound of formula (I) is not (all-Z)-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), alpha-methyl DHA, alpha-methyl OHA methyl ester, alpha-methyl DHA ethyl ester or alpha-hydroxy DHA ethyl ester, and R 1 and R 2 are not simultaneously a hydrogen atom.
24. The compound according to claim 23 , wherein the alkyl group is chosen from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, and n-hexyl.
25. The compound according to claim 23 , wherein the alkenyl group is chosen from allyl, 2-butenyl, and 3-hexenyl.
26. The compound according to claim 23 , wherein the alkynyl group is chosen from propargyl, 2-butynyl, and 3-hexynyl.
27. The compound according to claim 23 , wherein the halogen atom is chosen from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
28. The compound according to claim 23 , wherein the alkoxy group is chosen from methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, sec-butoxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, OCH 2 CF 3 , and OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 .
29. The compound according to claim 23 , wherein the aryl group is a phenyl group.
30. The compound according to claim 23 , wherein the alkoxycarbonyl group is chosen from methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, and butoxycarbonyl.
31. The compound according to claim 23 , wherein the alkylsulfinyl group is chosen from methanesulfinyl, ethanesulfinyl, and isopropanesulfinyl.
32. The compound according to claim 23 , wherein the alkylsulfonyl group is chosen from methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl, and isopropanesulfonyl.
33. The compound according to claim 23 , wherein the alkylamino group is chosen from methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, and diethylamino.