Method and an unleaded low emission gasoline for fueling an automotive engine with reduced emissions
An unleaded reduced emissions gasoline having at least one of an octane less than about 86.7, a sulfur content less than about 40 ppmw sulfur and containing an oxygenate, and having reduced emissions by comparison to a minimum 87 octane gasoline. A method for reducing emissions from an automotive internal combustion engine is provided for a single vehicle and for a fleet. A method for reducing emissions by use of a distribution network is disclosed and a system for reducing emissions by a combination of a refinery and the vehicles is disclosed.
1. An unleaded low emissions gasoline fuel for use in an internal combustion automotive engine, said gasoline fuel being in compliance with California reformulated gasoline specifications and having an unadjusted octane (R+M)/2 of from 80 to 84 or the equivalent adjusted octane number which upon combustion in the internal combustion automotive engine produces emissions of at least one of total hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides no greater than produced by combustion of a comparable unleaded minimum 87 octane gasoline fuel, wherein the comparable unleaded minimum 87 octane gasoline fuel is in compliance with California reformulated gasoline fuel specifications.
2. An unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel for use in an automotive internal combustion engine containing a selected quantity of an oxygenate selected from the group consisting of ethanol, methyl tertiary butyl ether, ethyl tertiary butyl ether, tertiary amyl methyl ether, and combinations thereof and having an unadjusted octane (R+M)/2 of from 80 to 84 or the equivalent adjusted octane number which, upon combustion in the internal combustion engine, produces reduced emissions of at least one of total hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides by comparison to combustion of a comparable unleaded minimum 87 octane gasoline fuel in the internal combustion engine and wherein the unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel is in compliance with California reformulated gasoline fuel specifications.
3. The unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel of claim 2 wherein the comparable unleaded minimum 87 octane gasoline fuel is in compliance with California reformulated gasoline fuel specifications.
4. The unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel of claim 2 having a sulfur content less than 40 ppmw.
5. The unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel of claim 4 wherein the comparable unleaded minimum 87 octane gasoline fuel is in compliance with California reformulated gasoline fuel specifications.
6. The unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel of claim 4 wherein the emissions of carbon monoxide are reduced.
7. The unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel of claim 4 wherein the comparable unleaded minimum 87 octane gasoline fuel is in compliance with California reformulated gasoline fuel specifications.
8. The unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel of claim 4 wherein the quantity of oxygenate is sufficient to provide from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent oxygen.
9. The unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel of claim 4 wherein the oxygenate is ethanol and is present in an amount from 0.1 to 10 volume percent of the gasoline fuel.
10. The unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel of claim 8 wherein at least the emissions of total hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide are reduced.
11. A method for fueling automotive vehicles with reduced total emissions to the atmosphere, the method comprising:
a) operating a refinery to produce an unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel having an unadjusted octane (R+M)/2 of from 80 to 84 or the equivalent adjusted octane number which upon combustion in an automotive vehicle internal combustion engine produces reduced emissions of at least one of total hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides by comparison to that produced by combustion of a comparable unleaded minimum 87 octane gasoline fuel, the unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel being produced in the refinery from a reduced quantity of feedstock and with reduced emissions by comparison to a refinery producing the comparable unleaded minimum 87 octane gasoline fuel; and,
b) fueling automotive vehicles with the unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel, the total emissions of at least one of total hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides from combustion of the unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel in the automotive vehicles and from the refinery producing the unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel being less than the combined emissions from a refinery producing the comparable unleaded minimum 87 octane gasoline fuel and combustion of the comparable unleaded minimum 87 octane gasoline fuel in the automotive vehicles,
wherein the unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel is in compliance with California reformulated gasoline fuel specifications and ASTM 4814-01a.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the comparable unleaded minimum 87 octane gasoline fuel is in compliance with California reformulated gasoline fuel specifications and ASTM D4814-01a.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel has a sulfur content of less than about 40 ppmw sulfur.
14. The method of claim 11 wherein the unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel has a sulfur content of less than about 15 ppmw sulfur.
15. The method of claim 11 wherein the unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel has a sulfur content of less than about 5 ppmw sulfur.
16. The method of claim 11 wherein the unleaded reduced emissions gasoline fuel employed in step (b) additionally contains an amount of oxygenate selected from the group consisting of ethanol, methyl tertiary butyl either, ethyl tertiary butyl ether, tertiary amyl methyl ether, and combinations thereof.
17. An unleaded gasoline fuel for use in an automotive internal combustion engine, said gasoline fuel having an unadjusted octane number (R+M)/2 in the range of from 80 to 84 or the equivalent adjusted octane number, and being in accord with the CARB Phase 2 reformulated gasoline fuel specifications except that the T-90 of said gasoline fuel exceeds the CARB Phase 2 reformulated gasoline fuel specifications and the oxygen content of said gasoline fuel is in the range of from about 0 to 10 wt %.
18. The gasoline fuel of claim 17 having a sulfur content less that 15 ppmw.
19. The gasoline fuel of claim 17 having a sulfur content less than 10 ppmw.
20. The gasoline fuel of claim 17 having a sulfur content less than 5 ppmw.
21. The gasoline fuel of claim 17 wherein the oxygen content is provided by one or more compounds selected the group consisting of ethanol, methyl tertiary butyl ether, ethyl tertiary butyl ether, and tertiary amyl methyl either.
22. The gasoline fuel of claim 21 having an oxygen content in the range of 0.3-5 wt %.
23. The gasoline fuel of claim 21 having an oxygen content in the range of 2.0-5.0 wt %.
24. The gasoline fuel of claim 1 wherein the upper limit of the range of unadjusted octane (R+M)/2 is 83.
25. The gasoline fuel of claim 2 wherein the upper limit of the range of unadjusted octane (R+M)/2 is 83.
26. The gasoline fuel of claim 11 wherein the upper limit of the range of unadjusted octane (R+M)/2 is 83.
27. The gasoline fuel of claim 17 wherein the upper limit of the range of unadjusted octane (R+M/2 is 83.