Cellulosic/polyamide composite
Composite of polyamide layer solvent bonded to cellulosic substrate is formed by solution electrospinning deposit of polyamide on cellulosic substrate with the solution subjected to electrospinning containing as solvent for polyamide one that swells cellulosic fibers on contact therewith and/or by depositing very long polyamide fibers of low average diameter.
1. A composite comprising a cellulosic substrate comprising cellulosic fibers with a polyamide layer comprising polyamide fibers adhered thereto by an interrelation of fibers of the cellulosic substrate and fibers of the polyamide layer so that the cellulosic substrate and polyamide layer cannot be separated from each other by manually applied peeling forces(s) where the cellulosic substrate has a caliper ranging from 0.010 inch to 0.020 inch and the polyamide fibers have average fiber diameter ranging from 50 to 700 nm, a coverage level to average diameter ratio ranging from 2×10 −4 to 5×10 −3 gms/m 2 /nm and a ratio of total length of polyamide fibers to the surface area of the cellulosic substrate ranging from 1×10 6 to 1×10 8 km polyamide fiber/square meter of cellulosic substrate surface area.
2. The composite of claim 1 where the polyamide fibers have average diameter ranging from 100 nm to 400 nm.
3. A composite comprising a cellulosic substrate comprising cellulosic fibers with a polyamide layer comprising polyamide fibers adhered thereto by a interrelation of fibers of the cellulosic substrate and fibers of the polyamide layer so that the cellulosic substrate and polyamide layer cannot be separated from each other by manually applied peeling force(s), which constitutes a filter medium, said filter medium having an inlet side and an outlet side and comprising:
(a) a substrate layer on the outlet side of the filter medium, said substrate layer having an inlet side and an outlet side, said substrate layer comprising filter grade cellulose fibers, and having a caliper ranging from 0.010 inch to 0.020 inch, a basis weight ranging from 50 to 75 lbs/3000 ft 2 , a Frazier permeability ranging from 12 to 20 CFM measured at 0.5 inch of water pressure drop and an initial fractional efficiency ranging from 5 to 15% for 0.3 μm particles;
(b) polyamide layer having an inlet side and an outlet side, comprising the polyamide fibers;
said filter medium providing a ratio of increase in percent fractional efficiency compared to that for substrate (a) to percent increase in pressure drop across said filter medium compared to that for substrate (a), ranging from 3 to 15.
4. The composite of claim 3 where the polyamide fibers have an average diameter ranging from 100 mm to 400 mm.
5. The composite of claim 3 where there is no cover layer on the inlet side of the polyamide layer.