Ion channel modulating activity I
Methods, compositions, dosing regimes, and routes of administration for the treatment or prevention of arrhythmias. In these methods, early afterdepolarizations and prolongation of QT interval may be reduced or eliminated by administering ion channel modulating compounds to a subject in need thereof. The ion channel modulating compounds may be cycloalkylamine ether compounds, particularly cyclohexylamine ether compounds. Also described are compositions of ion channel modulating compounds and drugs which induce early afterdepolarizations, prolongation of QT interval and/or Torsades de Pointes.
1. A method of reducing the incidence of chemically-induced Torsades de Pointes comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of an ion channel modulating compound of formula:
as an isolated enantiomeric or diastereomeric isomer or as a mixture thereof, or as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein the ion channel modulating compound is administered to the subject in combination with a chemical capable of inducing Torsades de Pointes.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the ion channel modulating compound comprises a monohydrochloride salt of the formula:
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the ion channel modulating compound has the formula:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the chemical is an antiarrhythmic.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the antiarrhythmic is a class III artiarrhythmic.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the class III antiarrhythmic is selected from the group consisting of: amiodarone, sotalol, ibutilide, azimilide, clofilium, dofetilide, sematilide, d,1-sotalol, quinidine, tedisamil, procainamide, disopyramide, and dronedarone.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the chemical is an antibiotic, a bronchodilator, an anesthetic, an anti-nausea drug, an anti-malarial, an antipsychotic, an appetite suppressant, a decongestant, a vasodilator, an anti-fungal, an anti-cancer drug, an antihistamine, a gastrointestinal prokinetic, an antispasmodic, or an antidepressant.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the chemical is selected from the group consisting of: albuterol, alfuzosin, amantadine, amiodarone, amitriptyline, amoxapine, ampicillin, amphetamine/dextroamphetamine, arsenic trioxide, atomoxetine, azithromycin, bepridil, chloral hydrate, chloroquine, chlorpromazine, ciprofloxacin, cisapride, clarithromycin, clomipramine, cocaine, desipramine, disopyramide, dobutamine, dofetilide, dolasetron, domperidone, dopamine, doxepin, droperidol, ephedrine, epinephrine, erythromycin, felbamate, fenfluramine, flecainide, fluconazole, fluoxetine, foscarnet, fosphenytoin, galantamine, gatifloxacin, granisetron, halofantrine, haloperidol, ibutilide, imipramine, indapamide, isoproterenol, isradipine, itraconazole, ketoconazole, levalbuterol, levofloxacin, levomethadyl, lithium, mesoridazine, metaproterenol, methadone, methylphenidate, mexiletine, midodrine, moexipril/HCTZ, moxifloxacin, nicardipine, norepinephrine, nortriptyline, octreotide, ondansetron, paroxetine, pentamidine, phentermine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pimozide, procainamide, protriptyline, pseudoephedrine, quetiapine, quinidine, risperidone, ritodrine, salmeterol, sertraline, sibutramine, sotalol, sparfioxacin, tacrolimus, tamoxifen, telithromycin, terbutaline, thioridazine, tizanidine, trimethoprim-sulfa, trimipramine, vardenafil, venlafaxine, voriconazole, and ziprasidone.