High efficiency audio transducer
A transducer ( 1 ) for producing sound in response to an electrical signal comprises an actuator ( 2 ) with a magnet ( 4 ) and a coil ( 5 ), and a vibration surface ( 3 ), for example a loudspeaker cone. The actuator and the vibration surface are mechanically coupled. The transducer ( 1 ) is designed to operate at substantially its resonance frequency (f 0 ). This results in a very high transducer efficiency, which is particularly relevant for rendering low audio frequencies.
1. A transducer for producing sound in response to an audio signal, the transducer comprising an actuator, and a vibration surface mechanically coupled to the actuator, the actuator comprising a magnet and a coil, wherein the transducer has a moving mass selected such that a resonance frequency of the transducer is within a desired frequency range, wherein the desired frequency range is the low frequency audio range substantially between 20 Hz and 100 Hz, wherein the transducer is configured to have a peak input sensitivity of the transducer occur substantially at resonance frequency, and wherein the actuator has a force factor which is equal to the product of a magnetic flux in the coil and a length of the coil, and further wherein for the transducer to have a peak input sensitivity of the transducer occur substantially at the resonance frequency, the ratio of (i) the force factor squared and (ii) the product of (a) electrical resistance of the coil and (b) mechanical resistance of a suspension of the transducer is (iii) greater than 0.6 and smaller than 1.4.
2. The transducer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ratio is greater than 0.9 and smaller than 1.1, said ratio preferably being substantially equal to 1.
3. The transducer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the vibration surface is a loudspeaker cone.
4. The transducer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the vibration surface comprises an elongate strip.
5. The transducer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the vibration surface comprises a first cylindrical part moveably arranged relative to a second cylindrical part, the first and second cylindrical parts being at least partially concentric.
6. The transducer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the coil is substantially stationary.
7. The transducer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the magnet is substantially stationary.
8. An audio system comprising a transducer according to claim 1 ; and a processing circuit for receiving the audio signal and for providing an output signal to the transducer, said output signal having an average frequency substantially equal to the resonance frequency of the transducer.
9. The audio system as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the processing circuit comprises:
a band-pass filter for limiting the audio signal to a desired frequency range;
a detector coupled to an output of the band-pass filter, said detector providing an output signal indicative of an amplitude of the filtered audio signal;
a generator for generating a signal having a frequency equal to the resonance frequency of the transducer; and
a multiplier for multiplying the detector output signal by the generator signal, an output signal from the multiplier having the resonance frequency and being applied to the transducer.
10. A method of driving an audio transducer comprising an actuator, and a vibration surface mechanically coupled to the actuator, the actuator having a coil and a magnet, the method comprising the steps of:
selecting a moving mass of the transducer such that a resonance frequency of the transducer is within a desired frequency range, said desired frequency range being a low frequency audio range substantially between 20 Hz and 100 Hz;
selecting the coil and the magnet of the transducer such that a peak input sensitivity of the transducer occurs substantially at the resonance frequency; and
processing an audio input signal to form a transducer signal having an average frequency which is substantially equal to a resonance frequency of the transducer; and wherein the transducer has a force factor which is equal to the product of a magnetic flux in the coil and a length of the coil, and further wherein for the transducer to have a peak input sensitivity of the transducer occur substantially at the resonance frequency, said step of selecting the coil and the magnet includes setting the ratio of (i) the force factor squared and (ii) the product of (a) electrical resistance of the coil and (b) mechanical resistance of a suspension of the transducer is (iii) greater than 0.6 and smaller than 1.4.
11. The method as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the ratio is set to be greater than 0.9 and smaller than 1.1, the ratio preferably being substantially equal to 1.