Methods for forming magnetically modified electrodes and articles produced thereby
The present invention is directed to methods for making magnetically modified electrodes and electrodes made according to the method. Such electrode are useful as electrodes in batteries, such as Ni-MH batteries, Ni—Cd batteries, Ni—Zn batteries and Ni—Fe batteries.
1. A battery comprising a magnetically modified electrode, said magnetically modified electrode comprising a non-magnetic substrate and a coating layer formed on said substrate,
wherein said coating layer comprises (i) particles adapted to generate electrochemical energy in the presence of a magnetic field, and (ii) magnetic particles, said particles adapted to generate electrochemical energy in the presence of a magnetic field having a different composition from said magnetic particles, and
further wherein said magnetic particles cause the magnetic moments of said particles adapted to generate electrochemical energy to align and so establish a permanent magnetic field at said modified electrode.
2. A battery according to claim 1 , wherein said battery is a Ni-MH battery, a Ni—Cd battery, a Ni—Zn battery or a Ni—Fe battery.
3. A Ni-MH battery comprising an electrode, said electrode comprising a non-magnetic substrate and a coating layer formed on said substrate,
wherein said coating layer comprises (i) particles adapted to generate electrochemical energy in the presence of a magnetic field, and (ii) magnetic particles, said particles adapted to generate electrochemical energy in the presence of a magnetic field having a different composition from said magnetic particles, and
further wherein said magnetic particles cause the magnetic moments of said particles adapted to generate electrochemical energy to align and so establish a permanent magnetic field at said modified electrode.
4. A battery comprising a magnetically modified electrode, said electrode comprising a non-magnetic substrate and a coating layer formed on said substrate,
wherein said coating layer comprises (i) particles adapted to generate electrochemical energy in the presence of a magnetic field, and (ii) magnetic particles, said particles adapted to generate electrochemical energy in the presence of a magnetic field having a different composition from said magnetic particles, and
further wherein said particles adapted to generate electrochemical energy in the presence of a magnetic field are selected from the group consisting of nickel hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, lithium, lithium hydroxide and combinations thereof and
further wherein said magnetic particles are selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Fe, samarium cobalt neodymium-iron-boron and combinations thereof, and
further wherein said magnetic particles cause the magnetic moments of said particles adapted to generate electrochemical energy to align and so establish a permanent magnetic field at said modified electrode.
5. A battery according to claim 4 , wherein said battery is a Ni-MH battery, a Ni—Cd battery, a Ni—Zn battery or a Ni—Fe battery.
6. A battery comprising a magnetically modified electrode, said electrode comprising a non-magnetic conducting substrate and a coating layer formed on said substrate,
wherein said coating layer comprises particles adapted to generate electrochemical energy in the presence of a magnetic field and
further wherein said particles adapted to generate electrochemical energy in the presence of a magnetic field are subjected to an external magnetic field before, during or after said coating layer is formed on said substrate, and
further wherein said external magnetic field causes the magnetic moments of said particles adapted to generate electrochemical energy to align and so establish a permanent magnetic field at said modified electrode.
7. A battery according to claim 6 , wherein said battery is a Ni-MH battery, a Ni—Cd battery, a Ni—Zn battery or a Ni—Fe battery.
8. A Ni-MH battery comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, said first electrode comprising a metal hydride, and said second electrode comprising a non-magnetic substrate and a coating layer formed on said substrate,
wherein said coating layer comprises particles adapted to generate electrochemical energy in the presence of a magnetic field and
further wherein said particles adapted to generate electrochemical energy in the presence of a magnetic field are subjected to an external magnetic field before, during or after said coating layer is formed on said substrate, and
further wherein said external magnetic field causes the magnetic moments of said particles adapted to generate electrochemical energy to align and so establish a permanent magnetic field at said second electrode.