Topical delivery of vaccines
The present invention provides improved methods for delivery of substances into the skin. It has been discovered that delivery of substances such as nucleic acids, amino acids, amino acid derivatives, peptides and polypeptides simultaneously with abrasion of the skin enhances delivery and the biological response as compared to application of the substance to previously abraded skin.
1. A method for the targeted delivery of a vaccine to the epidermal tissue of skin to enhance the immune response comprising simultaneously disrupting only the stratum corneum and delivering the vaccine wherein the vaccine is a powder on an abrading surface of an abrading device to the epidermal tissue of the skin, wherein the disruption of the skin is by abrading the skin with an abrader having a microneedle array which is in contact with the vaccine wherein a reconstituting liquid is separately applied to the skin prior to abrading.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the vaccine is a DNA vaccine.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the skin is abraded at least twice.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the skin is abraded in alternating directions.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein a dry vaccine is reconstituted simultaneously with abrasion.
6. A method for a single and immediate delivery of a reconstituted vaccine treatment to the epidermal tissue of skin to enhance the immune response comprising:
supplying a substantially dry vaccine which is applied to the skin prior to abrasion;
abrading the skin with an abrader having a microneedle array of protrusions;
supplying a reconstituting liquid which substantially reconstitutes the dry vaccine simultaneous with abrasion
simultaneously disrupting only the stratum corneum but not the epidermis of the skin and delivering the reconstituted vaccine treatment to the epidermal tissue of the skin.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the vaccine is a DNA vaccine.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the DNA vaccine encodes an antigen.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein expression of the antigen produces an immune response.
10. The method of claim 6 wherein the skin is abraded at least twice.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the skin is abraded at least six times.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the skin is abraded six to twelve times.
13. The method of claim 6 wherein the skin is abraded in alternating directions.