Liquid crystal display element
A liquid crystal display element of the present invention is arranged so that a material layer having dielectric anisotropy includes a chiral material and a liquid crystal material with a nematic liquid crystal phase, and 0.25≦d/p≦0.50 is satisfied assuming that the thickness of the material layer is d and the chiral pitch length of the liquid crystal material is p.
1. A liquid crystal display element, comprising:
a pair of opposing substrates; and
a material layer which is sandwiched between said pair of substrates and has dielectric anisotropy,
the material layer having the dielectric anisotropy including a chiral material and a liquid crystal material with a nematic liquid crystal phase, and
0.25≦d/p≦0.50 being satisfied assuming that the thickness of the material layer is d and the chiral pitch length of the liquid crystal material is p.
2. The liquid crystal display element as defined in claim 1 ,
wherein, alignment films are formed on the opposing surfaces of said pair of substrates, respectively, and aligning capability is imparted to surfaces of the alignment films in order to cause the liquid crystal material to have pretilt angles.
3. The liquid crystal display element as defined in claim 1 ,
wherein, 0.28≦d/p≦0.40 is satisfied.
4. The liquid crystal display element as defined in claim 1 ,
wherein, 0.30≦d/p≦0.35 is satisfied.
5. The liquid crystal display element as defined in claim 1 ,
wherein, the liquid crystal material has pretilt angles in areas around respective boundary faces of the substrates, and the range of dispersion of the pretilt angles of the liquid crystal material is, in a display area, ±3° of the median of the pretilt angles.
6. The liquid crystal display element as defined in claim 1 ,
wherein, the median of the pretilt angles is 87°.
7. The liquid crystal display element as defined in claim 1 ,
wherein, 1000×d/p≦Δn×d is satisfied assuming that refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal material is Δn.
8. The liquid crystal display element as defined in claim 1 ,
wherein, 1000×d/p+100≦Δn×d is satisfied assuming that refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal material is Δn.
9. The liquid crystal display element as defined in claim 7 ,
wherein, Δn×d≦2500×d/p+150 and Δn×d≦−1750×d/p+1750 are satisfied.
10. The liquid crystal display element as defined in claim 1 ,
wherein, Δn×d is not higher than 900 nm.
11. The liquid crystal display element as defined in claim 1 ,
wherein, 1500×d/pΔn×d, Δn×d≦2500×d/p, Δn×d≦−1750×d/p+1600, and Δn×d≦900 nm are satisfied.
12. The liquid crystal display element as defined in claim 1 ,
wherein, the liquid crystal material exerts optical isotropy when no electric field is applied thereto, and the liquid crystal material exerts optical anisotropy when an electric field is applied thereto.
13. The liquid crystal display element as defined in claim 1 ,
wherein, between each of the substrates and the material layer, a vertical alignment film which causes the liquid crystal material to have pretilt angles is provided.
14. The liquid crystal display element as defined in claim 1 ,
wherein, the liquid crystal material is a liquid crystal material with negative dielectric anisotropy.
15. The liquid crystal display element as defined in claim 1 ,
wherein, at least one of said pair of substrates is an active matrix substrate having source lines,
the aligning capability is imparted to a surface of the alignment film on the active matrix substrate, and the aligning capability is imparted by rubbing, and
the direction of the rubbing is in parallel to the source lines of the active matrix substrate.
16. The liquid crystal display element as defined in claim 1 ,
wherein, at least one of said pair of substrates is an active matrix substrate having gate lines,
the aligning capability is imparted to a surface of the alignment film on the active matrix substrate, and the aligning capability is imparted by rubbing, and
the direction of the rubbing is in parallel to the gate lines of the active matrix substrate.