Fitting of brightness in a visual prosthesis
The invention is a method of automatically adjusting an electrode array to the neural characteristics of an individual patient. The perceptual response to electrical neural stimulation varies from patient to patient and The response to electrical neural stimulation varies from patient to patient and the relationship between current and perceived brightness is often non-linear. It is necessary to determine this relationship to fit the prosthesis settings for each patient. It is advantageous to map the perceptual responses to stimuli. The method of mapping of the present invention is to provide a plurality of stimuli that vary in current, voltage, pulse duration, frequency, or some other dimension; measuring and recording the response to those stimuli; deriving a formula or equation describing the map from the individual points; storing the formula; and using that formula to map future stimulation.
1. A method of fitting a visual prosthesis, comprising:
applying a plurality of stimuli to visual neural tissue;
measuring brightness responses to said stimuli to determine a threshold of perception;
applying an additional stimuli higher than said threshold of perception:
measuring a brightness response to said additional stimuli;
deriving a formula comprising a stimulation curve estimating brightness levels not tested,
said formula being derived starting from empirical data of said threshold of perception and said brightness response to said additional stimuli and corresponding to a curve fitting of the empirical data; and
generating said stimuli by applying said formula to visual input.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said stimuli vary according to applied current.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said stimuli vary according to applied voltage.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said stimuli vary according to applied frequency.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said stimuli vary according to applied pulse width.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said brightness responses are perceptions of brightness reported by a user.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said responses are neural responses recorded from the visual neural tissue of the user.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said responses are recorded physiological changes in the iris of a user.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said responses are recorded neural activity of the user.
10. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising creating a table based on said formula.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein said step of generating stimuli by applying said formula comprises applying values from said table.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said formula defines brightness as slope times current to the power of shape where slope and shape are derived terms.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said formula defines brightness as slope times current plus threshold, where slope and threshold are derived terms.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said formula is a function
B=a I b ,
wherein B represents brightness, I represents current amplitude, and a and b represent parameters estimated from fitting the empirical data.
15. A visual prosthesis, comprising:
an array of electrodes suitable to be placed in proximity to visual neural tissue;
a camera for receiving a visual scene; and
a control device coupling said camera to said array of electrodes including a neural stimulator for applying a plurality of stimuli to visual neural tissue;
means for measuring brightness responses to said stimuli for determining a threshold of perception;
means for applying an additional stimuli higher than said threshold of perception;
means for measuring a brightness response to said additional stimuli;
means for deriving a formula comprising a stimulation curve estimating brightness levels not tested, said formula being derived starting from empirical data of said threshold of perception and said brightness response to said additional stimuli and corresponding to a curve fitting of the empirical data; and
means for generating stimuli by applying said formula to visual input from said camera.
16. The visual prosthesis according to claim 15 , wherein said means for measuring brightness responses is a means for measuring neural activity in the retina.
17. The visual prosthesis according to claim 15 , wherein said means for measuring brightness responses is a means for measuring neural activity in the visual cortex.
18. The visual prosthesis according to claim 15 , wherein said means for measuring brightness responses is a means for measuring a patient's reported responses.
19. The visual prosthesis according to claim 15 , wherein said means for measuring brightness responses is a means for measuring movement of the iris.
20. The visual prosthesis according to claim 15 , wherein said means for generating stimuli varies by applied current.
21. The visual prosthesis according to claim 15 , wherein said means for generating stimuli varies by applied voltage.
22. The visual prosthesis according to claim 15 , wherein said means for generating stimuli varies by applied frequency.
23. The visual prosthesis according to claim 15 , wherein said means for generating stimuli varies by applied pulse duration.
24. The visual prosthesis according to claim 15 , wherein said formula is a function
B=a I b ,
wherein B represents brightness, I represents current amplitude, and a and b represent parameters estimated from fitting the empirical data.