Production of carbonate-containing compositions from material comprising metal silicates
Provided are methods for producing carbonate-containing compositions comprising silicon-based material (e.g., pozzolanic material) from a source of carbon dioxide, a divalent cation-containing solution, and a source of proton-removing agents. In such methods, divalent cations of the divalent cation-containing solution are provided by digestion of material comprising metal silicates. Also provided are methods for producing carbonate-containing compositions comprising little or no silicon-based material. In such methods, silicon-based material (e.g., silica, unreacted or undigested silicates, aluminosilicates, etc.) may be separated and processed separately from carbonate-containing compositions. Silicon-based material and carbonate-containing material may be blended at a later stage to produce a pozzolanic material, which may be further processed and blended with, for example, Portland cement.
1. A method comprising:
a) digesting a material comprising a metal silicate with an aqueous solution to produce divalent cations and a material comprising SiO 2 ;
b) reacting the divalent cations with dissolved carbon dioxide to produce a precipitation material in a precipitation reaction mixture; and
c) separating the precipitation material from the precipitation reaction mixture to produce a separated precipitation material and a supernatant,
wherein the method is performed in a system comprising:
a) a processor for processing the material comprising the metal silicate;
b) a precipitation reactor for precipitating the precipitation material, wherein the precipitation reactor is configured to receive carbon dioxide from an industrial source of carbon dioxide;
c) an electrochemical system comprising a cathode configured to generate hydrogen gas and an anode configured to generate protons from the hydrogen gas, wherein the electrochemical system is configured to transport hydrogen from the cathode to the anode; and
d) a liquid-solid separator for separating the precipitation material from the precipitation reaction mixture,
wherein the precipitation reactor is operably connected to both the processor and the liquid-solid separator, and
wherein the electrochemical system is operably connected to the processor, the precipitation reactor, or both the processor and the precipitation reactor.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising comminuting the material comprising the metal silicate prior to digesting the material comprising the metal silicate.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the material comprising the metal silicate comprises a rock or mineral.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein digesting the material comprising the metal silicate comprises digestion with an acid to produce an acidic solution comprising the divalent cations and the material comprising SiO 2 .
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the acid is selected from the group consisting of HF, HCl, HBr, HI, H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 , H 3 PO 4 , chromic acid, H 2 CO 3 , acetic acid, citric acid, formic acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid, and meldrums acid.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein digesting the material comprising the metal silicate comprises digestion with a proton-removing agent to produce a basic solution comprising the divalent cations and the material comprising SiO 2 .
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the divalent cations comprise alkaline earth metal cations.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein alkaline earth metal cations comprise Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , or a combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising drying the precipitation material in a dryer.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the method comprises a continuous, semi-batch, or batch process.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precipitation reaction mixture is kept between 5° C. to 70° C. when reacting the divalent cations with dissolved carbon dioxide to produce a precipitation material in the precipitation reaction.
12. A system comprising:
a) a processor for processing a material comprising a metal silicate;
b) a precipitation reactor for precipitating a precipitation material, wherein the precipitation reactor is configured to receive carbon dioxide from an industrial source of carbon dioxide;
c) an electrochemical system comprising a cathode configured to generate hydrogen gas and an anode configured to generate protons from the hydrogen gas, wherein the electrochemical system is configured to transport hydrogen from the cathode to the anode; and
d) a liquid-solid separator for separating the precipitation material from a precipitation reaction mixture,
wherein the precipitation reactor is operably connected to both the processor and the liquid-solid separator, and
wherein the electrochemical system is operably connected to the processor, the precipitation reactor, or both the processor and the precipitation reactor.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the system is further configured with a dryer configured to receive a slurry comprising precipitation material from the liquid-solid separator.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the dryer is configured to utilize waste heat from the industrial source of carbon dioxide.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the dryer is configured to provide a heat-depleted industrial source of carbon dioxide to the precipitation reactor.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the dryer is a spray dryer.
17. The system of claim 12 , wherein the electrochemical system is configured to operate at an average voltage of 2.0 volts or less.
18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the electrochemical system is configured to not generate chlorine gas.
19. The system of claim 17 , wherein the electrochemical system is configured to not generate oxygen gas.
20. The system of claim 17 , wherein the electrochemical system is configured to not generate any gaseous byproduct.