Acid resistant austenitic alloy for valve seat inserts
A high-carbon austenitic iron-base alloy with good corrosion and wear resistance, particularly useful for valve seat insert applications when corrosion resistance is required, comprises about 1.8-3.5 wt % carbon, about 12-24 wt % chromium, about 0.5-4 wt % silicon, about 12-25 wt % nickel, about 2-12 wt % molybdenum and tungsten combined, about 0.05-4 wt % niobium and vanadium combined, about 0-1 wt % titanium, about 0.01-0.2 wt % aluminum, about 0.05-3 wt % copper, and less than 1.5 wt % manganese, with the balance being iron and a small amount of impurities.
1. A homogeneous austenitic iron-base alloy with good corrosion and wear resistance, comprising:
a) about 1.8 to about 3.5 wt % carbon;
b) about 12 to about 24 wt % chromium;
c) about 0.5 to about 4 wt % silicon;
d) about 12 to about 25 wt % nickel;
e) about 2 to about 16 wt % of tungsten and molybdenum combined;
f) about 0.05 to about 4 wt % niobium and vanadium combined;
g) about 0 to about 1 wt % titanium;
h) about 0.01 to about 0.2 wt % aluminum;
i) about 0.05 to about 3 wt % copper;
j) less than about 1.5 wt % manganese; and
g) at least 40% iron;
wherein the alloy has a matrix that is essentially all austenite at room temperature and which is stable;
wherein the alloy has a corrosion loss of less than 5 mg when about 12.7 mm of a cylindrical sample of the alloy having a diameter of 6.35 mm and a length of 31.75 mm and heated to about 300° F. (149° C.) is immersed in a 0.25 volume % solution of sulfuric acid at room temperature, withdrawn, heated again, and the cycle repeated for 1 hour, each cycle taking about 24 seconds; and
wherein the alloy has a high temperature, pin-on-disc sliding wear resistance, measured using ASTM G99-90 at 500° F. (260° C.), with pin dimensions of 6.35 mm diameter and 25.4 mm length of Eatonite 6 valve facing alloy and a disk of the tested alloy having dimensions of 50.8 mm diameter and 12.5 mm thickness and after simple heat treatment of the disks at 1200° F. (649° C.) for two hours, at 0.13 m/s for 255 m, of less than 450 milligrams.
2. A part for an internal combustion engine comprising the alloy of claim 1 .
3. The part of claim 2 where the part is formed by casting the alloy, or hardfacing with the alloy either in wire or powder form.
4. The part of claim 2 where the part is formed by a powder sintering metallurgy method.
5. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the amount of carbon is between about 2.3 and about 2.7 wt %.
6. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the amount of chromium is between about 16 and about 20 wt %.
7. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the amount of silicon is between about 0.5 and about 1.5 wt %.
8. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the amount of tungsten and molybdenum combined is between about 3 and about 7 wt %.
9. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the amount of nickel is between about 14 and about 18 wt %.
10. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the amount of niobium and vanadium combined is between about 1.5 and about 2.5 wt %.
11. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the amount of titanium is between about 0.02 and about 0.06 wt %.
12. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the amount of aluminum is between about 0.03 and about 0.06 wt %.
13. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the amount of copper is between about 1 and about 2 wt %.
14. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the amount of manganese is between about 0.2 and about 0.6 wt %.
15. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the amount of iron is greater than about 50 wt %.
16. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the alloy has a hardness at room temperature of between 34 and 54 on a Rockwell C scale.
17. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the amount of vanadium is between about 0.02 and about 3.0 wt %.
18. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the amount of niobium is between about 0.02 and about 3.0 wt %.
19. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the amount of carbon is between about 2.3 and about 3.5 wt %, and the amount of tungsten and molybdenum combined is between about 2.5 and about 10 wt %.
20. The alloy of claim 1 wherein the amount of carbon is between about 2.3 and about 3.5 wt %, and the amount of chromium is between about 14 and about 22 wt %.