Interface and method of interfacing between a parametric modelling unit and a polygon based rendering system
An interface for use in a 3-D graphics system containing a parametric modelling unit for modelling objects as high order surfaces, and a polygon based rendering system for rendering polygon modelled objects for display. The interface comprises an input for receiving data and a subdivision unit coupled to the input for processing the data. The interface includes a converter coupled to the subdivision unit for determining from leaf patch data a first plurality of values representing vertices of tessellating polygons describing the leaf patch, and for determining from sub-leaf patch data a second plurality of values representing the vertices of tessellating polygons describing the sub-leaf patch. The interface also has a combiner, coupled to the converter, for combining the values to form leaf polygon data defining the polygon vertices at a first subdivision level, and an output coupled to the combiner for outputting the leaf polygon data.
1. A 3-D graphics system comprising apparatus for determining a surface normal vector for a vertex of a degenerate surface patch used in modelling of an object to be shaded by the system, the apparatus comprising:
means for subdividing the degenerate patch to produce a plurality of sub-patches each having corner vertices;
means for deriving the locations of control points required for derivation of a surface normal for a vertex;
means for deriving at least three candidate tangent vectors at a vertex from the control point locations; and
means for deriving the surface normal vector from the candidate tangent vectors.
2. A method for determining a surface normal vector for a vertex of a degenerate surface patch used in modelling of an object to be shaded in a 3-D graphics system, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a 3-D graphics system;
subdividing the patch to produce a plurality of sub-patches each having corner vertices;
deriving the locations of control points required for determining a surface normal for a vertex;
deriving at least three candidate tangent vectors at a vertex from the control point data;
deriving the surface normal vector from the candidate tangent vectors; and
modelling the object to be shaded in the 3-D graphics system using the surface normal vector as the vertex for the degenerate surface patch.
3. A method for determining a surface normal for a vertex according to claim 2 in which the step of deriving the locations of control points comprises:
deriving a first subset of control points along one edge of the patch adjacent to a chosen corner;
deriving a second subset of control points along the other edge of the patch adjacent to the chosen corner;
deriving a third subset of control points consisting of a control point off-set from the corner of the patch in each of a set of chosen parameter dimensions;
wherein the step deriving a plurality of candidate tangent vectors comprises deriving first, second and third candidate tangent vectors from each respective subset of control points and the corner points; and selecting two of the three candidate tangent vectors to derive a surface normal vector at the chosen corner.
4. A method for determining surface normal vectors for vertexes of a degenerate surface patch used in modelling of an object to be shaded in a 3-D graphic system, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a 3-D graphics system;
deriving surface normals for four corner vertices;
partially subdividing the patch in a first parameter dimension to derive a first subset of control points of a first sub-patch;
partially subdividing in a second parameter dimension to derive a second subset of control points of a second sub-patch;
performing a third partial subdivision to derive a third subset of control points from the first and second subsets of control points;
deriving surface normals for two mid-point vertices using the first subset of control points;
deriving surface normals for the remaining two mid-point vertices from the second subset of control points;
deriving a surface normal vector for a vertex at the centre of the patch from the third subset of control points; and
deriving at least three candidate tangent vectors at a vertex from the control point data;
modelling the object to be shaded in the 3-D graphics system using the surface normal vector at the vertex for the degenerate surface patch.
5. A method according to claim 2 wherein a candidate tangent vector at a corner control point is derived by repeatedly selecting control points from a given subset of control points in any given order; and
deriving a first weighted vector by multiplying a chosen control point's components by a weighting component of the corner control point;
deriving a second weighting vector by multiplying the components of the corner control point by a weighting vector of a chosen control point;
deriving a difference vector between the first and second weighted vectors; and
using the difference vector as the candidate tangent vector if it is non-zero, and otherwise progressing to the next control point of the subset.