Method for producing bituminous compositions
This invention relates to bituminous compositions and methods of producing the same. More particularly, the invention relates to the production of bituminous compositions formulated with performance-graded bitumen-containing solvent-free bitumen emulsions which exhibit controllable, temperature-dependent interfacial rheology. When employed in paving applications, these bituminous compositions develop adhesive strength and load-bearing strength properties at rates comparable to traditional hot mix paving compositions and at rates faster than traditional cold mix paving compositions.
1. A bituminous composition, comprising:
(a) solvent-free, oil-in-water bitumen emulsion in an amount from about 2% to about 10% by total weight of the bituminous composition, wherein the oil-in-water bitumen emulsion comprises:
(i) bitumen in an amount from about 50% to about 75% by total weight of the bitumen emulsion,
(ii) at least one active emulsifier in an amount from about 0.05% to about 2.0% by total weight of the bitumen emulsion, and
(iii) water in an amount to complete the emulsion; and
(b) aggregate in an amount from about 90% to about 98% by total weight of the bituminous composition; and
wherein the bituminous composition is in an absence of bitumen having a penetration number of more than 220 dmm as determined according to an ASTM standard method D5 at 25° C.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the bitumen emulsion comprises the bitumen in an amount range from about 60.0% to about 70.0% by total weight of the emulsion.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the bitumen emulsion comprises the emulsifier in an amount range from about 0.08% to about 0.75% by total weight of the emulsion.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the bitumen emulsion comprises a member selected from the group consisting of naturally occurring bitumens, bitumen from crude oil, bitumen from petroleum pitch, bitumen from coal tar, sulfur-modified bitumen, acid-modified bitumen, and combinations thereof.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the bitumen emulsion comprises a bitumen modified with at least one member selected from the group consisting of natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers, plastomers, thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, elastomers, styrene-butadiene-styrene, styrene-butadiene-rubber, polyisoprene, polybutylenes, butadiene-styrene rubbers, vinyl polymers, ethylene vinyl acetate, and combinations thereof.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the bitumen emulsion further comprises a member selected from the group consisting of styrene-butadiene rubber latex, polyisoprene latex, neoprene, associative thickeners, starch, salt, and combinations thereof.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the emulsifier comprises a member selected from the group consisting of amphoteric emulsifiers, cationic emulsifiers, nonionic emulsifiers and combinations thereof.
8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the amphoteric emulsifier comprises a member selected from the group consisting of sodium C-12 to C-24 alkyl amidopropyl halide methyl carboxylate betaines, potassium C-12 to C-24 alkyl amidopropyl halide methyl carboxylate betaines, lithium C-12 to C-24 alkyl amidopropyl halide phosphate betaines, sodium C-12 to C-24 alkyl amidopropyl halide phosphate betaines, potassium C-12 to C-24 alkyl amidopropyl halide phosphate betaines, lithium C-12 to C-24 alkyl amidopropyl halide sulphate betaines, sodium C-12 to C-24 alkyl amidopropyl halide sulphate betaines, and potassium C-12 to C-24 alkyl amidopropyl halide sulphate betaines, lithium C-12 to C-24 alkyl amidopropyl halide methyl carboxylate betaines, C-12 to C-24 fatty imidoamines, rosin imidoamines, and combinations thereof.
9. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the cationic emulsifier comprises a member selected from the group consisting of C-12 to C-24 fatty imidazolines; C-12 to C-24 fatty imidoamines; rosin imidoamines; C-12 to C-24 fatty amidoamines; rosin amidoamines; C-12 to C-24 alkyl monoamines; C-12 to C-24 alkyl polypropylene polyamines; C-12 to C-24 alkyl monoamine polyoxyethylene; C-12 to C-24 alkyl monoamine polyoxypropylene; C-12 to C-24 alkyl polypropylene monoamines polyoxyethylene; C-12 to C-24 alkyl polypropylene monoamines polyoxypropylene; C-12 to C-24 alkyl aryl monoamines; C-12 to C-24 alkyl aryl polypropylene polyamines; C-12 to C-24 quaternary amines; C-12 to C-24 alkyl ether amines; C-12 to C-24 alkylether polyamines; C-12 to C-24 alkyl polypropylene polyamine N-oxides; amine derivatives of tannins; amine derivatives of phenolic resins; amine derivatives of lignins; amine-modified polyacrylates; and combinations thereof.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the aggregate comprises a member selected from the group consisting of dense-graded aggregate, gap-graded aggregate, open-graded, stone-matrix aggregate, reclaimed asphalt pavement material, reclaimed roofing shingles, and combinations thereof.
11. A paved road, including a layer of a bituminous composition, wherein the bituminous composition comprises:
(a) solvent-free, oil-in-water bitumen emulsion in an amount from about 2% to about 10% by total weight of the bituminous composition, wherein the oil-in-water bitumen emulsion comprises:
(i) bitumen in an amount from about 50% to about 75% by total weight of the bitumen emulsion,
(ii) at least one active emulsifier in an amount from about 0.05% to about 2.0% by total weight of the bitumen emulsion, and
(iii) water in an amount to complete the emulsion; and
(b) aggregate in an amount from about 90% to about 98% by total weight of the bituminous composition; and
wherein the bituminous composition is in an absence of bitumen having a penetration number of more than 220 dmm as determined according to an ASTM standard method D5 at 25° C.
12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the bitumen emulsion comprises the bitumen in an amount range from about 60.0% to about 70.0% by total weight of the emulsion.
13. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the bitumen emulsion comprises the emulsifier in an amount range from about 0.08% to about 0.75% by total weight of the emulsion.
14. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the bitumen emulsion comprises a member selected from the group consisting of naturally occurring bitumens, bitumen from crude oil, bitumen from petroleum pitch, bitumen from coal tar, sulfur-modified bitumen, acid-modified bitumen, and combinations thereof.
15. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the bitumen emulsion comprises a bitumen modified with at least one member selected from the group consisting of natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers, plastomers, thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, elastomers, styrene-butadiene-styrene, styrene-butadiene-rubber, polyisoprene, polybutylenes, butadiene-styrene rubbers, vinyl polymers, ethylene vinyl acetate, and combinations thereof.
16. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the bitumen emulsion further comprises a member selected from the group consisting of styrene-butadiene rubber latex, polyisoprene latex, neoprene, associative thickeners, starch, salt, and combinations thereof.
17. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the emulsifier comprises a member selected from the group consisting of amphoteric emulsifiers, cationic emulsifiers, nonionic emulsifiers and combinations thereof.
18. The paved road of claim 17 , wherein the amphoteric emulsifier comprises a member selected from the group consisting of sodium C-12 to C-24 alkyl amidopropyl halide methyl carboxylate betaines, potassium C-12 to C-24 alkyl amidopropyl halide methyl carboxylate betaines, lithium C-12 to C-24 alkyl amidopropyl halide phosphate betaines, sodium C-12 to C-24 alkyl amidopropyl halide phosphate betaines, potassium C-12 to C-24 alkyl amidopropyl halide phosphate betaines, lithium C-12 to C-24 alkyl amidopropyl halide sulphate betaines, sodium C-12 to C-24 alkyl amidopropyl halide sulphate betaines, and potassium C-12 to C-24 alkyl amidopropyl halide sulphate betaines, lithium C-12 to C-24 alkyl amidopropyl halide methyl carboxylate betaines, C-12 to C-24 fatty imidoamines, rosin imidoamines, and combinations thereof.
19. The paved road of claim 17 , wherein the cationic emulsifier comprises a member selected from the group consisting of C-12 to C-24 fatty imidazolines; C-12 to C-24 fatty imidoamines; rosin imidoamines; C-12 to C-24 fatty amidoamines; rosin amidoamines; C-12 to C-24 alkyl monoamines; C-12 to C-24 alkyl polypropylene polyamines; C-12 to C-24 alkyl monoamine polyoxyethylene; C-12 to C-24 alkyl monoamine polyoxypropylene; C-12 to C-24 alkyl polypropylene monoamines polyoxyethylene; C-12 to C-24 alkyl polypropylene monoamines polyoxypropylene; C-12 to C-24 alkyl aryl monoamines; C-12 to C-24 alkyl aryl polypropylene polyamines; C-12 to C-24 quaternary amines; C-12 to C-24 alkyl ether amines; C-12 to C-24 alkylether polyamines; C-12 to C-24 alkyl polypropylene polyamine N-oxides; amine derivatives of tannins; amine derivatives of phenolic resins; amine derivatives of lignins; amine-modified polyacrylates; and combinations thereof.
20. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the aggregate comprises a member selected from the group consisting of dense-graded aggregate, gap-graded aggregate, open-graded, stone-matrix aggregate, reclaimed asphalt pavement material, reclaimed roofing shingles, and combinations thereof.