Method for synthesizing 2-carbomethoxytropinone
Disclosed is a method of making (−)-cocaine efficient for use on a large scale. The cocaine is created by reacting an aqueous solution of (+)-2-carbomethoxytropinone (2-CMT) bitartrate, sodium amalgam and an acid that forms a highly soluble sodium salt to form (−)-methylecgonine. (−)-Methylecgonine is converted into (−)-cocaine. Sodium amalgam is continuously supplied from an electrolyzing unit to a reactor containing the aqueous solution of (+)-2-carbomethoxytropinone bitartrate and spent amalgam is continuously removed and regenerated. The aqueous solution is prepared by adding (rac)-2-CMT in chloroform to a solution of (+)-tartaric acid in water to create an aqueous phase having diastereomeric salts of 2-CMT with (+)-tartaric acid. An organic solvent is added to the aqueous phase and the crystals obtained from the combined aqueous phase and organic solvent are dried to obtain substantially pure crystalline (+)-2-carbomethoxytropinone bitartrate. The (rac)-2-CMT in chloroform is prepared by extracting 2-CMT from a citric acid solution.
1. A method of manufacturing (−)cocaine comprising:
reacting an aqueous solution of (+)-2-carbomethoxytropinone bitartrate, sodium amalgam and an acid that forms a highly soluble sodium salt whereby at least some of the (+)-2-carbomethoxytropinone bitartrate is converted to (−)-methylecgonine;
converting the (−)-methylecgonine into (−)-cocaine.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein reacting further comprises:
continuously supplying sodium amalgam from an electrolyzing unit to a reactor containing the aqueous solution of (+)-2-carbomethoxytropinone bitartrate and the acid that forms a highly soluble sodium salt; and
continuously transferring spent amalgam from the reactor to the electrolyzing unit.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
preparing the aqueous solution of (+)-2-carbomethoxytropinone bitartrate by
adding (rac)-2-CMT in organic solvent not miscible with water to a solution of (+)-tartaric acid in water to create an aqueous phase having diastereomeric salts of 2-CMT with (+)-tartaric acid;
adding an organic solvent miscible with water to the aqueous phase;
drying crystals obtained from the combined aqueous phase and organic solvent to obtain substantially pure crystalline (+)-2-carbomethoxytropinone bitartrate; and
dissolving the substantially pure crystalline (+)-2-carbomethoxytropinone bitartrate in water.
4. The method of claim 3 further comprising:
preparing the (rac)-2-CMT by
extracting 2-CMT from an aqueous reaction mixture with a solvent to obtain an extract; and
extracting the extract with an acidic aqueous solution to form a soluble salt of 2-CMT in the acidic aqueous solution.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein preparing the (rac)-2-CMT further comprises:
repeating the two extracting operations of claim 4 until a predetermined amount of 2-CMT is transferred from the aqueous reaction mixture to the acidic aqueous solution.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein preparing the (rac)-2-CMT further comprises:
basifying the acidic aqueous solution; and
extracting (rac)-2-CMT from the basified acidic aqueous solution with a solvent.
7. The method of claim 4 wherein the acidic aqueous solution is an aqueous solution of an acid, wherein the acid is selected from citric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, tartaric acid and hydrochloric acid.
8. The method of claim 3 wherein the organic solvent miscible with water is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and acetone.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the acid that forms a highly soluble sodium salt is one or more acids selected from formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, phosphoric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, and choroacetic acid.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the acid that forms a highly soluble sodium salt is an acid that forms a sodium salt that is at least 1.5 times more soluble than sodium sulfate in water at a pH of 5.6 and at a temperature of 5° C.
11. A method for preparing (+)-2-carbomethoxytropinone bitartrate comprising:
adding (rac)-2-carbomethoxytropinone in a first organic solvent not miscible with water to a solution of (+)-tartaric acid in water to create an aqueous phase having diastereomeric salts of 2-carbomethoxytropinone with (+)-tartaric acid;
adding a second organic solvent miscible with water to the aqueous phase to create crystalline (+)-2-carbomethoxytropinone bitartrate.
12. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
preparing the (rac)-2-carbomethoxytropinone by
extracting 2-carbomethoxytropinone (2-CMT) from an aqueous reaction mixture with a third organic solvent not miscible with water to obtain an extract; and
extracting the extract with an acidic aqueous solution to form a soluble salt of 2-CMT.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein preparing the (rac)-2-CMT further comprises:
repeating the two extracting operations of claim 12 until a predetermined amount of 2-CMT is transferred from the aqueous reaction mixture to the acidic aqueous solution.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein preparing the (rac)-2-CMT further comprises:
basifying the acidic aqueous solution; and
extracting (rac)-2-CMT from the basified acidic aqueous solution with the first organic solvent not miscible with water to obtain the (rac)-2-carbomethoxytropinone in a first organic solvent not miscible with water.
15. The method of claim 12 wherein the acidic aqueous solution is an aqueous solution of an acid, wherein the acid is selected from citric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, tartaric acid and hydrochloric acid.
16. The method of claim 11 wherein the second organic solvent miscible with water is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and acetone.
17. The method of claim 15 wherein the first and third organic solvents not miscible with water are independently selected from chloroform, ethyl acetate, toluene, methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, and diethyl ether.
18. The method of claim 11 wherein the second organic solvent is methanol in an amount of 5.5 to 6.5 liters of methanol per kilogram of 2-carbomethoxytropinone.
19. The method of claim 11 wherein the crystalline (+)-2-carbomethoxytropinone bitartrate is substantially pure.
20. A method of creating methylecgonine and pseudo-methylecgonine comprising:
reacting an aqueous solution of (+)-2-carbomethoxytropinone bitartrate, sodium amalgam and an acid that forms a highly soluble sodium salt whereby at least some of the (+)-2-carbomethoxytropinone bitartrate is converted to (−)-methylecgonine and (+)-pseudomethylecgonine.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein reacting further comprises:
continuously supplying sodium amalgam from an electrolyzing unit to a reactor containing the aqueous solution of (+)-2-carbomethoxytropinone bitartrate and an acid that forms a highly soluble sodium salt; and
continuously transferring spent amalgam from the reactor to the electrolyzing unit.
22. The method of claim 20 wherein the acid that forms a highly soluble sodium salt is one or more acids selected from formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, phosphoric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, and choroacetic acid.
23. The method of claim 20 wherein the acid that forms a highly soluble sodium salt is an acid that forms a sodium salt that is at least 1.5 times more soluble than sodium sulfate in water at a pH of 5.6 and at a temperature of 5° C.
24. A method of manufacturing (−)cocaine comprising:
reacting an aqueous solution of (+)-2-carbomethoxytropinone bitartrate, sodium amalgam and an acid to form (−)-methylecgonine; and
converting the (−)-methylecgonine into (−)-cocaine.