Apparatus and method for controlled delivery of a gas
Disclosed are apparatus for delivery of a gas, e.g., carbon dioxide and/or chlorine dioxide, and methods of its use and manufacture. The apparatus includes a sachet constructed in part with a hydrophobic material. The sachet contains one or more reactants that generate a gas in the presence of an initiating agent, e.g., water. The apparatus can also include a barrier layer and/or a rigid frame. In another embodiment, the apparatus is combined with a reservoir that can be used to deliver a gas to the reservoir and, optionally, a conduit. In another embodiment, the apparatus is incorporated into a fluid dispersion system that includes a dispersion apparatus, e.g., a humidifier.
1. An apparatus for delivery of a gas comprising:
a sachet comprising a hydrophobic water vapor selective membrane; and
an aqueous soluble reactant disposed within the sachet that generates chlorine dioxide in the presence of an initiating agent, wherein the water vapor selective membrane has a water vapor permeability between 2,000 g/m 2 /24 hrs and 150,000 g/m 2 /24 hrs, such that the sachet substantially impedes the permeation of a water soluble species out of the apparatus when immersed in water.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the water vapor selective membrane has a thickness between about 0.15 mils and 15 mils, and a nominal average pore size between about 0.05 microns and about 10 microns.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sachet further comprises a support layer disposed adjacent the water vapor selective membrane.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reactant is selected from the group consisting of acids, aqueous acids, citric acid, oxalic acid, fumaric acid, phosphoric acid, potassium bitartrate, chlorites, chlorates, sulfites, bisulfites, sulfates, carbonate, nitrites, and combinations thereof.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second sachet disposed within the sachet; and
a second reactant disposed within the second sachet.
6. An apparatus for delivery of a gas comprising:
a sachet comprising a hydrophobic water vapor selective membrane;
a partition disposed within the sachet defining a first volume and a second volume;
a first aqueous soluble reactant disposed within the first volume; and
a second aqueous soluble reactant disposed within the second volume,
wherein the first reactant and the second reactant generate chlorine dioxide in the presence of an initiating agent, and
wherein the water vapor selective membrane has a water vapor permeability between 2,000 g/m 2 /24 hrs and 150,000 g/m 2 /24 hrs, such that the sachet substantially impedes the permeation of a water soluble species out of the apparatus when immersed in water.
7. The apparatus as in claim 1 or 6 , wherein the sachet precludes the permeation of a water soluble species out of the apparatus.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the water soluble species is a reactant.
9. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the water soluble species is an additive.
10. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the water soluble species is a by-product.
11. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the sachet has a pore size between about 0.01 microns and about 50 microns.
12. The apparatus of claim 7 , further comprising a stabilizer disposed within the sachet.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the stabilizer is an activated hydrotalcite.
14. An apparatus for delivery of a gas comprising:
a sachet comprising a hydrophobic water vapor selective membrane; and
an aqueous soluble reactant disposed within the sachet that generates chlorine dioxide in the presence of an initiating agent, wherein the sachet has a water intrusion pressure between 100 millibars and 1500 millibars; and
wherein the water vapor selective membrane has a water vapor permeability between 2,000 g/m 2 /24 hrs and 150,000 g/m 2 /24 hrs, such that the sachet substantially impedes the permeation of a water soluble species out of the apparatus when immersed in water.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the sachet has a water intrusion pressure between 200 millibars and 750 millibars.