Glass compositions
Disclosed are glass compositions, glass fiber compositions, glass fiber battery separators, glass fiber filter media, battery additives and active materials formed with glass compositions disclosed, glass fiber radiation shields, and glass fiber paper compositions. Certain embodiments include, among other components, bismuth oxide. Certain embodiments include about 0.5-30% bismuth oxide of the composition by weight and silica oxide at about 54-70% of the composition by weight. Embodiments may also include other components. For example, zinc oxide can make up about 0.01-3% of the composition by weight.
1. A battery separator comprising:
a non-woven mat of glass fibers, the glass fibers comprising from about 0.5 to about 30 weight percent bismuth oxide, from about 50 to about 75 weight percent silica, from about 1 to about 5 weight percent aluminum oxide, and from about 9 to about 20 weight percent sodium oxide.
2. The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers further comprise from about 0.01 to about 5 weight percent zinc oxide.
3. The battery separator of claim 2 , wherein the glass fibers have a density of from about 2.5 to about 2.85.
4. The battery separator of claim 2 , wherein the non-woven mat of glass fibers forms from about 60 to about 99 weight percent of the battery separator.
5. The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 0.5 to about 15 weight percent bismuth oxide.
6. The battery separator of claim 5 , wherein the non-woven mat of glass fibers forms from about 60 to about 99 weight percent of the battery separator.
7. The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 0.5 to about 7 weight percent bismuth oxide.
8. The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers have an average surface area of less than about 3 m 2 /g.
9. The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers have an average surface area of less than about 2 m 2 /g.
10. The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers have an average diameter of about 0.6 to about 8 μm.
11. The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 9 to about 15 weight percent bismuth oxide.
12. The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers further comprise less than about 0.1 weight percent CoO or TiO 2 or mixtures thereof.
13. The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers further comprise:
Weight Percent (about)
CaO
3-7 wt %
MgO
1-5 wt %
B 2 O 3
4-9 wt %.
14. The battery separator of claim 13 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 54 to about 70 weight percent silica.
15. The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers have a softening point of less than about 703° C.
16. The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers have a density of from about 2.5 to about 2.85.
17. The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers have a Kdis value of from about 50 to about 150 ng/cm 2 h.
18. The battery separator of claim 1 further comprising fibers composed of materials selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyolefin, wood pulp and mixtures thereof.
19. The battery separator of claim 1 , further comprising a binder which comprises colloidal silica particles.
20. The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the non-woven mat of glass fibers is formed into an absorptive glass mat.
21. The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers leach from about 10 ng/cm 2 h to about 250 ng/cm 2 h bismuth ions when 1 g of the glass fibers is boiled for three hours in 100 ml of H 2 SO 4 having a specific gravity of 1.26 g/cm 3 .
22. The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent bismuth oxide.
23. A battery separator comprising:
a non-woven mat of glass fibers, the glass fibers comprising from about 0.5 to about 30 weight percent bismuth oxide, from about 50 to about 75 weight percent silica, from about 9 to about 20 weight percent sodium oxide, and from about 0.01 to about 5 weight percent zinc oxide.
24. The battery separator of claim 23 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 1 to about 15 weight percent bismuth oxide and about 0.01 to about 5 weight percent zinc oxide; and wherein the glass fibers leach from about 15 to about 320 ng/cm 2 h bismuth ions when 1 gram of the glass fibers is boiled for three hours in 100 ml of H 2 SO 4 having a specific gravity of 1.26 g/cm 3 .
25. The battery separator of claim 23 , wherein the ratio of the weight percent bismuth oxide and zinc oxide in relation to silica is from about 0.059 to about 0.29.
26. The battery separator of claim 23 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent bismuth oxide.
27. The battery separator of claim 23 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 1 to about 15 weight percent bismuth oxide.
28. The battery separator of claim 23 , wherein the non-woven mat of glass fibers forms from about 60 to about 99 weight percent of the battery separator.
29. The battery separator of claim 23 further comprising fibers composed of materials selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyolefin, wood pulp and mixtures thereof.
30. The battery separator of claim 23 , further comprising a binder which comprises colloidal silica particles.
31. The battery separator of claim 23 , wherein the non-woven mat of glass fibers is formed into an absorptive glass mat.
32. The battery separator of claim 23 , wherein the glass fibers leach from about 10 ng/cm 2 h to about 250 ng/cm 2 h bismuth ions when 1 g of the glass fibers is boiled for three hours in 100 ml of H 2 SO 4 having a specific gravity of 1.26 g/cm 3 .
33. A battery separator comprising:
a non-woven mat of glass fibers, the glass fibers comprising from about 0.5 to about 30 weight percent bismuth oxide, from about 50 to about 75 weight percent silica, from about 0 to about 1 weight percent boric oxide, from about 0 to about 5 weight percent barium oxide, from about 9 to about 20 weight percent sodium oxide, and from about 1 to about 5 weight percent aluminum oxide.
34. The battery separator of claim 33 further comprising fibers composed of materials selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyolefin, wood pulp and mixtures thereof.
35. The battery separator of claim 33 , further comprising a binder which comprises colloidal silica particles.
36. The battery separator of claim 33 , wherein the non-woven mat of glass fibers is formed into an absorptive glass mat.
37. The battery separator of claim 33 , wherein the glass fibers leach from the about 10 ng/cm 2 h to about 250 ng/cm 2 h bismuth ions when 1 g of the glass fibers is boiled for three hours in 100 ml of H 2 SO 4 having a specific gravity of 1.26 g/cm 3 .
38. A battery separator comprising:
a non-woven mat of glass fibers, the glass fibers comprising from about 0.5 to about 30 weight percent bismuth oxide, from about 50 to about 75 weight percent silica, from about 9 to about 20 weight percent sodium oxide and a total of more than 5 weight percent of one or more metal oxides selected from the group consisting of Al 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, and B 2 O 3 .
39. The battery separator of claim 38 , wherein the glass fibers further comprise:
Weight Percent
(about)
Al 2 O 3
1-5 wt %
CaO
3-7 wt %
MgO
1-5 wt %
B 2 O 3
4-9 wt %.
40. The battery separator of claim 38 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 0.5 to about 15 weight percent bismuth oxide.
41. The battery separator of claim 38 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 54 to about 70 weight percent silica.
42. The battery separator of claim 38 further comprising fibers composed of materials selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyolefin, wood pulp and mixtures thereof.
43. The battery separator of claim 38 , further comprising a binder which comprises colloidal silica particles.
44. The battery separator of claim 38 , wherein the non-woven mat of glass fibers is formed into an absorptive glass mat.
45. The battery separator of claim 38 , wherein the glass fibers leach from about 10 ng/cm 2 h to about 250 ng/cm 2 h bismuth ions when 1 g of the glass fibers is boiled for three hours in 100 ml of H 2 SO 4 having a specific gravity of 1.26 g/cm 3 .
46. A battery separator comprising:
a non-woven mat of glass fibers, the glass fibers comprising from about 0.5 to about 30 weight percent bismuth oxide, from about 50 to about 75 weight percent silica, from about 9 to about 20 weight percent sodium oxide, wherein if the fibers were formed with a diameter of 1.4 micrometer and 1 gram of the 1.4-micrometer-diameter glass fibers is boiled for three hours in 100 ml of H 2 SO 4 having a specific gravity of 1.26 g/cm 3 , then the 1.4-micrometer-diameter glass fibers leach less than 4.5 percent of their weight and leach from the about 10 ng/cm 2 h to about 250 ng/cm 2 h bismuth ions.
47. The battery separator of claim 46 , wherein the glass fibers further comprise:
Weight Percent
(about)
Al 2 O 3
1-5 wt %
CaO
3-7 wt %
MgO
1-5 wt %
B 2 O 3
4-9 wt %.
48. The battery separator of claim 46 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 0.5 to about 15 weight percent bismuth oxide.
49. The battery separator of claim 46 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 54 to about 70 weight percent silica.
50. The battery separator of claim 46 further comprising fibers composed of materials selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyolefin, wood pulp and mixtures thereof.
51. The battery separator of claim 46 , further comprising a binder which comprises colloidal silica particles.
52. The battery separator of claim 46 , wherein the non-woven mat of glass fibers is formed into an absorptive glass mat.