Catalysts to reduce NO
Catalysts, systems and methods are described to reduce NO x emissions of an internal combustion engine. In one embodiment, an emissions treatment system for an exhaust stream is provided having a catalyst comprising silver and a platinum group metal on a particulate alumina support, the atomic fraction of the platinum group metal being less than or equal to about 0.25. Methods of manufacturing catalysts are described in which silver is impregnated on alumina particles.
1. A catalyst for reducing NO x emissions from an exhaust gas stream of a lean burn engine consisting essentially of silver and a platinum group metal dispersed on alumina particles, the atomic fraction of the platinum group metal is less than or equal to about 0.25, wherein the atomic fraction of the platinum group metal is the ratio of platinum group metal to a combination of a platinum group metal and silver and the catalyst is effective to reduce NOx emissions from an exhaust gas stream of a lean burn engine.
2. The catalyst of claim 1 , having a NO x to N 2 O conversion efficiency less than about 30% of NO x reacted with the catalyst under lean exhaust gas conditions having a lambda greater than 1.0.
3. The catalyst of claim 1 , having a NO x to N 2 O conversion efficiency less than about 30% of NO x reacted with the catalyst under lean exhaust gas conditions having a lambda greater than 1.0 and a temperature between about 250° C. to 450° C.
4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the atomic fraction of the platinum group metal is less than or equal to about 0.20.
5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the atomic fraction of the platinum group metal is less than or equal to about 0.10.
6. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the platinum group metal is selected from the group consisting of platinum, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, palladium and combinations thereof.
7. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is substantially free of silver aluminate.
8. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is prepared by impregnation of ionic silver and the platinum group metal on the surface of a hydroxylated alumina particles.
9. The catalyst of claim 8 , wherein the surface hydroxylated alumina is selected from the group consisting of boehmite, pseudo boehmite or gelatinous boehmite, diaspore, nordstrandite, bayerite, gibbsite, alumina having hydroxyl groups added to the surface, and mixtures thereof.
10. The catalyst of claim 8 , wherein the hydroxylated alumina includes pseudoboehmite.
11. The catalyst of claim 8 , wherein the silver and the platinum are co-impregnated on the hydroxylated alumina particles.
12. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the silver is well dispersed on the alumina particles.
13. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is disposed on a soot filter and functions as a hydrocarbon selective catalytic reduction catalyst.
14. The catalyst of claim 13 , wherein the soot filter is a wall flow filter comprising an inlet end, an outlet end and internal walls extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and defining a plurality of passages comprising inlet channel sides and outlet channel sides with alternate channels comprising inlet channels having open inlets and plugged outlets and outlet channels having open outlets and plugged inlets.
15. The catalyst of claim 14 , wherein catalyst is disposed on the outlet channel side of the wall flow filter.
16. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is disposed on a honeycomb flow through substrate.
17. A catalyst for reducing NO x emissions from an exhaust gas stream of a lean burn engine consisting essentially of silver and a platinum group metal dispersed on alumina particles and having a NO x to N 2 O conversion efficiency less than about 30% of NO x reacted with the catalyst under lean exhaust gas conditions having a lambda greater than 1.0.