PEM fuel cell system with a porous hydrophobloc plug for maintaining system back pressure and methods for designing the plug and for designing systems for using the plug
A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell power plant is cooled evaporatively by a non-circulating pressurized water coolant system. The coolant system utilizes a hydrophobic porous plug for bleeding air from the coolant water while maintaining coolant back pressure in a coolant flow field of the system. Furthermore, there is a first method for identifying appropriate parameters of the hydrophobic porous plug for use with a known particular coolant system; and a second method for determining proper operating conditions for a fuel cell water coolant system which can operate with a hydrophobic porous plug closure having known physical parameters.
1. A coolant system for cooling a fuel cell ( 4 ) in a PEM fuel cell power plant, said coolant system comprising:
a) a coolant flow field ( 12 ) having a plurality of coolant channels ( 52 ) therein, said coolant channels including at least one water and gas-permeable porous wall, and said coolant channels containing a liquid coolant which is pressurized to a first pressure;
b) a coolant inlet ( 54 ) for passing said coolant into said coolant channels;
c) a coolant outlet ( 56 );
d) a porous plug ( 28 ) which is at least partly hydrophobic, said plug being disposed in said coolant outlet and said plug being gas permeable and liquid-impermeable at said first pressure whereby gases in said coolant can penetrate said hydrophobic porous plug, and liquid coolant cannot penetrate said porous plug; and
e) a gas venting line ( 30 ) communicating with said hydrophobic porous plug, said gas venting line having a pressure which is less than said first pressure so as to be operative to vent gases from said coolant flow field which gases penetrate and pass through said hydrophobic porous plug.
2. The coolant system of claim 1 wherein said liquid coolant is water.
3. The coolant system of claim 1 further comprising means ( 31 , 33 ) for removing condensed water from pores of said hydrophobic porous plug.
4. The coolant system of claim 3 wherein said means for removing comprises a heater ( 33 ) adjacent to said hydrophobic porous plug, said heater being operative to vaporize any water which condenses in pores of said porous plug.
5. The coolant system of claim 3 wherein said means for removing comprises wicking means ( 31 ) which is operative to wick condensed water out of pores in said hydrophobic porous plug.