Method for controlled electrospinning
An electrospinning apparatus and methodology is described that produces medical devices, such as scaffolds that induce the formation of a natural fibrous structure (primarily collagen and elastin) in a tissue-engineered medical device. The apparatus uses collection surfaces designed to manipulate or change the electrostatic field so that the electrospun fibers are arranged in desirable patterns that are similar to or mimic the fibrillar structure of an animal tissue. The manipulation results in fibers that are preferentially oriented in a predefined pattern. In addition, the interfiber space between the fibers and the fiber diameter are consistently within a predefined range. Using these techniques in conjunction with controlling polymer properties enables the production of a scaffold that has the structural and mechanical characteristics similar to the native tissue.
1. A method for making a non-woven mesh for a medical device, the method comprising:
(a) generating a first electrostatic field between a first electrode and a second electrode;
(b) electrospinning a dope onto a collection surface located between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the collection surface comprises a pattern of conductive material separated by dielectric material; and
(c) forming fibers aligned with the pattern of conductive material on the collection surface, wherein the conductive material is connected to a power supply to generate a second electrostatic field to interfere with, manipulate, or cause a change in the first electrostatic field generated between the first electrode and the second electrode.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the collection surface comprises dielectric material separating conductive materials aligned parallel to each other and fibers spun from the spinning dope align into arrays of non-random fibers and random fibers between arrays to attach adjacent arrays to one another.
3. The method of claim 1 , comprising controlling a parameter at a desired set point.
4. The method of claim 1 , comprising providing for closed-loop control of at least one variable.
5. The method of claim 1 , comprising controlling the temperature and/or viscosity of the spinning dope.
6. The method of claim 1 , comprising controlling the pressure of the spinning dope.
7. The method of claim 1 , comprising controlling the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode.
8. The method of claim 1 , comprising controlling the distance between the collection surface and a nozzle through which the dope is electrospun.
9. The method of claim 1 , comprising controlling voltage at least at one electrode.
10. An electrospinning method, comprising spinning fibers from a dope onto a collection surface producing lines of force, wherein the lines of force correspond to a fibrillar structure of an animal tissue.
11. The electrospinning method of claim 10 , wherein a potential is applied across the collection surface to generate the lines of force.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising increasing an electrostatic field strength to account for the thickness of a deposited mesh created by the fibers on the collection surface.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a charge to the pattern on the collection surface, wherein the charge is independent of a charge created by the first and second electrodes.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the collection surface defines a plane, and further comprising translating the collection surface in a horizontal direction relative to a nozzle through which the dope is electrospun, wherein the horizontal direction is parallel to the plane defined by the collection surface and, optionally, translating the collection surface vertically relative to the nozzle.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein formed fibers are similar to a fibrillar structure of an animal tissue.