Friction stir welding using a superabrasive tool
A probe for friction stir welding MMCs, ferrous alloys, non-ferrous alloys, and superalloys, as well as non-ferrous alloys, the probe including a shank, a shoulder, and a pin disposed through the shoulder and into the shank, wherein the pin and the shoulder at least include a coating comprised of a superabrasive material, the pin and shoulder being designed to reduce stress risers, disposing a collar around a portion of the shoulder and the shank to thereby prevent movement of the shoulder relative to the shank, and incorporating thermal management by providing a thermal flow barrier between the shoulder and the shank, and between the collar and the tool.
1. A method for manufacturing a single body tool for performing friction stir welding, processing and mixing of high melting temperature materials, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) providing a form for a single body friction stir welding tool comprising a shank, a shoulder, and a pin;
(2) mixing a superabrasive material with a second phase material that is ceramic or metal based;
(3) disposing the superabrasive material and second phase material mixture into the form wherein the superabrasive material and second phase material mixture will function as a coating on the single body friction stir welding tool;
(4) disposing a substrate into the form, wherein the substrate will become the body of the single body friction stir welding tool; and
(5) pressing the superabrasive material and second phase material mixture and the substrate in the form in a single pressing process to thereby create the single body friction stir welding tool that is capable of functionally friction stir welding, processing or mixing high melting temperature materials.
2. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the method is further comprised of the step of disposing a plurality of different materials into the form that are used to create the body of the single body friction stir welding tool.
3. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the method is further comprised of mixing the quantity or the type of different second phase materials into the superabrasive material that is used to create the shoulder and the pin of the single body friction stir welding tool in order to obtain different characteristics of mechanical and chemical wear resistance.
4. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the method is further comprised of the step of single body finishing the single body friction stir welding tool using a method selected from the group of finishing techniques consisting of grinding, brazing, machining, and EDM.
5. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the method is further comprised of the step of creating the form from refractory materials.
6. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the method is further comprised of the step of pressing the single body friction stir welding tool so that there is at least one cross section that has gradients that are selected from the group of cross section gradients consisting of thermal conductivity, transverse rupture strength, Young's modulus, electrical resistivity, and particle size distribution.
7. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the method further comprises the step of pressing the single body friction stir welding tool so that there is at least one radial section that has gradients that are selected from the group of radial section gradients consisting of thermal conductivity, transverse rupture strength, Young's modulus, electrical resistivity, and particle size distribution.
8. The method as defined in claim 2 wherein the method further comprises the step of creating gradients or interfaces between the plurality of different materials used for the single body friction stir welding tool.