Modulation of anxiety through blockade of anandamide hydrolysis
Fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors of the Formula: are provided wherein X is NH, CH 2 , O, or S; Q is O or S; Z is O or N; R is an aromatic moiety selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted aryl; substituted or unsubstituted biphenylyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, and substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; substituted or unsubstituted terphenylyl; substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, or alkyl; and R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenylyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; with the proviso that if Z is O, one of R 1 and R 2 is absent, and that if Z is N, optionally R 1 and R 2 may optionally be taken together to form a substituted or unsubstituted N-heterocycle or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with the N atom to which they are each attached. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of Formula I and methods of using them to inhibit FAAH and/or treat appetite disorders, glaucoma, pain, insomnia, and neurological and psychological disorders including anxiety disorders, epilepsy, and depression are provided.
1. A method of inhibiting fatty acid amide hydrolase activity in a mammal having pain, anxiety or depression, said method comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula
wherein
X is O or S;
Q is O or S;
R is unsubstituted naphthyl or naphthyl substituted with halogen, —OR′, —NR′R″, —SR′, —OC(O)R′, —C(O)R′, —CO 2 R′, —CONR′R″, —OC(O)NR′R″, —NR″C(O)R′, —NR′—C(O)NR″R″′, —NR″C(O) 2 R′, —S(O)R′, —S(O) 2 R′, —S(O) 2 NR′R″, —CN and —NO 2 , —R′, fluoro(C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy, or fluoro(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, wherein R′, R″, R″′ and R″″ are preferably independently selected from hydrogen and (C 1 -C 8 )alkyl, and
R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, wherein the substituents are independently selected from —OR′, ═O, ═NR′, ═N—OR′, —NR′R″, —SR′, -halogen, —OC(O)R′, —C(O)R′, —CO 2 R′, —CONR′R″, —OC(O)NR′R″, —NR″C(O)R′, —NR′—C(O)NR″R″′, —NR″C(O) 2 R′, —S(O)R′, —S(O) 2 R′, —S(O) 2 NR′R″, —CN and —NO 2 ; wherein R′, R″, R″′ and R″″ are defined as above;
and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and
whereby the anxiety, pain, or depression is treated.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mammal is human.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is administered orally.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 2 is H.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cycloalkyl is C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein R 1 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, or cycloheptenyl.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein R 1 is cyclohexyl.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the naphthyl is substituted with halogen or alkyl.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the naphthyl is substituted with fluoro(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein X is O and Q is O.
11. The method of claim 6 , wherein X is O and Q is O.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein X is O and Q is O.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the naphthyl is substituted.
14. The method of claim 6 , wherein the naphthyl is substituted.
15. The method of claim 6 , wherein the naphthyl is substituted with halo, alkyl, or fluoro(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound is
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has pain.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein X is O and Q is O.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein R 2 is H.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein R 1 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, or cycloheptenyl.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the naphthyl is substituted with halo, alkyl, or fluoro(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein R 1 is cyclohexyl.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mammal has anxiety.