Process for converting gaseous alkanes to olefins and liquid hydrocarbons
A process for converting gaseous alkanes to olefins and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons wherein a gaseous feed containing alkanes is reacted with a dry bromine vapor to form alkyl bromides and hydrobromic acid vapor. The mixture of alkyl bromides and hydrobromic acid are then reacted over a synthetic crystalline alumino-silicate catalyst, such as an X or Y type zeolite, at a temperature of from about 250° C. to about 500° C. so as to form olefins, higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and hydrobromic acid vapor. Various methods are disclosed to remove the hydrobromic acid vapor from the olefins and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and to generate bromine from the hydrobromic acid for use in the process.
1. A process comprising:
reacting a gaseous feed having lower molecular weight alkanes with bromine vapor to form alkyl bromides and hydrobromic acid;
reacting said alkyl bromides in the presence of said hydrobromic acid and a synthetic crystalline alumino-silicate catalyst and at a temperature sufficient to form olefins and additional hydrobromic acid; and
contacting said hydrobromic acid, said additional hydrobromic acid, and said olefins with water to remove said hydrobromic acid and said additional hydrobromic acid from said olefins.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein said bromine vapor is substantially dry, thereby avoiding the formation of significant carbon dioxide along with said alkyl bromides.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein said gaseous feed is natural gas.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein said natural gas is treated to remove substantially all of the carbon dioxide and sulfur compounds therefrom prior to reacting with said bromine vapor.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein said temperature is from about 250° C. to about 500° C.
6. The process of claim 5 wherein said temperature is from about 300° C. to about 450° C.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein said crystalline alumino-silicate catalyst is a zeolite catalyst.
8. The process of claim 7 wherein said zeolite catalyst is an X or Y type zeolite catalyst.
9. The process of claim 8 wherein said zeolite catalyst is a 10X zeolite catalyst.
10. The process of claim 1 wherein said water is an aqueous solution and said step of contacting comprises:
removing said hydrobromic acid and said additional hydrobromic acid from said olefins by neutralization reaction with an aqueous solution containing reaction products obtained by oxidizing an aqueous solution containing a metal bromide salt, the metal of said metal bromide salt being selected from Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Ca or Mg bromide.
11. The process of claim 1 wherein said bromine vapor is produced by oxidizing an aqueous metal bromide salt solution, the metal of said metal bromide salt being selected from Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Ca, or Mg.
12. The process of claim 1 wherein said step of contacting comprises removing said hydrobromic acid and said additional hydrobromic acid from said olefins by dissolution into said water forming a hydrobromic acid solution, said hydrobromic acid solution being neutralized by reaction with an aqueous solution containing a metal hydroxide obtained by oxidizing an aqueous metal bromide salt solution with oxygen, the metal of said metal bromide salt being selected from Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Ca or Mg.
13. The process of claim 1 wherein said step of contacting comprises removing said hydrobromic acid and said additional hydrobromic acid from said olefins by dissolution into said water forming a hydrobromic acid solution, said process further comprising:
vaporizing said hydrobromic acid solution and reacting said vaporized hydrobromic acid solution with a metal oxide, said metal oxide being obtained by oxidizing a metal bromide salt contained on a porous support, the metal of said metal bromide salt being selected from the group Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Ca or Mg.
14. The process of claim 1 further comprising:
converting said hydrobromic acid and said additional hydrobromic acid to bromine.
15. The process of claim 14 further comprising:
dehydrating said olefins.
16. The process of claim 14 further comprising:
recycling said bromine that is converted from said hydrobromic acid and additional hydrobromic acid to said step of reacting with said gaseous feed, said bromine being recycled as a vapor.
17. The process according to claim 1 wherein said step of reacting said gaseous feed with said bromine vapor occurs in a first reactor and said step of reacting said alkyl bromides occurs in a second reactor.
18. The process of claim 1 wherein each of said hydrobromic acid and said additional hydrobromic acid is a vapor.
19. A process comprising:
reacting alkyl bromides in the presence of a synthetic crystalline alumino-silicate catalyst and at a temperature sufficient to form at least olefins and hydrobromic acid;
removing said hydrobromic acid from said olefins;
converting said hydrobromic acid to bromine; and
storing at least a portion of said bromine by contacting a metal bromide in a reduced valence state with said at least a portion of said bromine to form a metal bromide in an oxidized valence state.
20. The process of claim 19 comprising:
heating said metal bromide in an oxidized valence state to form at least bromine vapor.
21. The process of claim 20 further comprising:
reacting a gaseous feed having lower molecular weight alkanes with said bromine vapor to form at least alkyl bromides.
22. A process comprising:
reacting a gaseous feed having lower molecular weight alkanes with bromine in a first reactor to form alkyl bromides and hydrobromic acid;
reacting said alkyl bromides in the presence of said hydrobromic acid and a synthetic crystalline alumino-silicate catalyst in a second reactor and at a temperature sufficient to form olefins and additional hydrobromic acid; and
removing said hydrobromic acid and said additional hydrobromic acid from said olefins by reacting said hydrobromic acid and said additional hydrobromic acid with a metal oxide in a vessel to form at least a metal bromide.
23. The process of claim 22 wherein said the metal of said metal oxide is magnesium, calcium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc or tin.
24. The process of claim 22 wherein said metal oxide is supported on a solid carrier.
25. The process of claim 22 wherein said metal oxide is contained in a bed in said vessel.
26. The process of claim 22 further comprising:
reacting said metal bromide with an oxygen containing gas to obtain a metal oxide and bromine.
27. The process of claim 26 wherein said bromine vapor that is produced in the step of reacting said metal bromide with an oxygen containing gas is used in the step of reacting said gaseous feed having lower molecular weight alkanes.
28. The process of claim 26 further comprising:
reacting said bromine vapor that is produced in the step of reacting said metal bromide with an oxygen containing gas with a reduced metal bromide to form a second metal bromide.
29. The process of claim 28 further comprising:
heating said second metal bromide thereby thermally decomposing said second metal bromide to said bromine vapor and said reduced metal bromide.
30. The process of claim 29 wherein said bromine vapor that is generated by thermal decomposition of said second metal bromide is used in the step of reacting said gaseous feed having lower molecular weight alkanes.
31. The process of claim 29 wherein said step of heating comprises contacting said second metal bromide with said gaseous feed, said bromine vapor that is generated by thermal decomposition of said second metal bromide is used in the step of reacting said gaseous feed having lower molecular weight alkanes.
32. The process of claim 31 wherein the gaseous feed is heated to a temperature of about 150° C. to about 600° C. prior to the step of contacting.
33. The process of claim 29 wherein the steps of heating the second metal bromide and reacting said lower molecular weight alkanes with bromine occur in separate vessels.