Hydrogen-producing assemblies
Hydrogen-producing fuel processing assemblies for producing hydrogen gas. The assemblies include a catalyst chamber, a heat source adapted to heat the catalyst chamber, a hydrogen-producing region within the catalyst chamber adapted to produce hydrogen gas from a feed stream, and a conductive guide structure within the catalyst chamber adapted to conduct and distribute heat from the heat source within the hydrogen-producing region and to direct fluid through the hydrogen-producing region. In some embodiments, the conductive guide structure includes a helical member. In some embodiments, the assembly further includes a vaporization region within the catalyst chamber. In some embodiments, the fuel processing assembly is adapted to produce hydrogen gas via a steam reforming or other endothermic reaction.
1. A hydrogen-producing assembly, comprising:
a catalyst chamber defining an internal volume and including an inlet for receiving a feed stream and an outlet for delivering a reformate mixed-gas stream containing hydrogen gas and other gases produced from the feed stream in the catalyst chamber, wherein the hydrogen gas is a majority component of the reformate mixed-gas stream;
a heat source adjacent the catalyst chamber and adapted to heat the catalyst chamber to at least a minimum hydrogen-producing temperature;
a hydrogen-producing region within the internal volume, the hydrogen-producing region including a volume of catalyst adapted to catalyze production of the reformate mixed-gas stream from the feed stream via an endothermic reaction; and
a conductive guide structure positioned within the internal volume and adapted to conduct and distribute heat from the heat source to and within the hydrogen-producing region and to direct the feed stream and the reformate mixed-gas stream through at least the hydrogen-producing region of the internal volume.
2. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 1 , wherein the conductive guide structure is adapted to direct the feed stream and the reformate mixed-gas stream in a spiraling path through the hydrogen-producing region.
3. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 1 , wherein the conductive guide structure is adapted to direct the feed stream and the reformate mixed-gas stream along a helical path through the hydrogen-producing region.
4. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 1 , wherein the heat source is adapted to combust a fuel and to produce a heat stream directed at the catalyst chamber to heat at least the hydrogen-producing region to at least a minimum hydrogen-producing temperature.
5. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a hydrogen-purification region coupled to the hydrogen-producing region and adapted to receive the reformate mixed-gas stream from the hydrogen-producing region and to separate the reformate mixed-gas stream into a permeate stream and a byproduct stream, wherein the permeate stream has at least one of a greater concentration of hydrogen gas and a lower concentration of the other gases than the reformate mixed-gas stream, and further wherein the byproduct stream contains at least a substantial portion of the other gases.
6. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 5 , wherein the hydrogen-purification region includes at least one hydrogen-selective membrane.
7. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 5 , wherein the hydrogen-purification region includes a pressure swing adsorption assembly.
8. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 1 further comprising:
a vaporization region coupled to the hydrogen-producing region and adapted to receive the feed stream in a liquid state and to at least partially vaporize the feed stream prior to delivery of the feed stream to the hydrogen-producing region.
9. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 8 , wherein the vaporization region is within the internal volume.
10. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 8 , wherein the vaporization region is external to the catalyst chamber.
11. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 1 , wherein the conductive guide structure includes a helical member extending through the hydrogen-producing region, the helical member adapted to conduct and distribute heat from the heat source to and within the hydrogen-producing region and to direct the feed stream and the reformate mixed-gas stream in a helical path through the hydrogen-producing region.
12. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 11 , further comprising:
a vaporization region coupled to the hydrogen-producing region and adapted to receive the feed stream in a liquid state and to at least partially vaporize the feed stream prior to delivery of the feed stream to the hydrogen-producing region, and further wherein the helical member further extends through the vaporization region.
13. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 11 , wherein the helical member is generally coextensive in length and width with the internal volume.
14. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 13 , wherein the catalyst chamber includes an interior surface that generally defines the internal volume and wherein the helical member engages generally opposed regions of the interior surface.
15. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 14 , wherein the helical member is secured in contact with the interior surface.
16. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 11 , wherein the helical member includes at least 2 twists.
17. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 11 , wherein the helical member includes at least one twist per 4 inches of length.
18. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 11 , wherein the helical member includes between 1 and 3 twists per 8 inches of length.
19. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 11 , wherein the helical member has a diameter and a thickness, and wherein the thickness is at least 20% of the diameter.
20. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 11 , wherein the helical member has a diameter and a thickness, and wherein the thickness is between 15 and 30% of the diameter.
21. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 11 , wherein the catalyst chamber includes a wall structure that defines the internal volume, the wall structure having an interior surface, and an exterior surface, and a thickness measured between the interior surface and the exterior surface, and further wherein the helical member has a thickness that is greater than the thickness of the wall structure of the catalyst chamber.
22. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 1 , wherein the conductive guide structure spans the internal volume along a plurality of axes.
23. The hydrogen-producing assembly of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst chamber includes an interior surface facing the internal volume, and wherein the conductive guide structure is adapted to direct the feed stream and the reformate mixed-gas stream along a flow path in which the streams scrub the catalyst and the interior surface of the catalyst chamber, thereby deterring buildup of coke thereon.
24. A hydrogen-producing assembly, comprising:
a catalyst chamber defining an internal volume and including an interior surface facing the internal volume, an inlet for receiving a feed stream, and an outlet for a reformate mixed-gas stream containing hydrogen gas and other gases produced in the internal volume, wherein the hydrogen gas is a majority component of the reformate mixed-gas stream;
a heat source adjacent the catalyst chamber and adapted to heat the catalyst chamber to at least a minimum hydrogen-producing temperature; and
a hydrogen-producing region within the internal volume, the hydrogen-producing region including a volume of catalyst adapted to catalyze production of the reformate mixed-gas stream from the feed stream, wherein the hydrogen-producing region is adapted to direct the feed stream and the reformate mixed-gas stream through the hydrogen-producing region so that the streams scrub the catalyst and the interior surface of the catalyst chamber, thereby preventing buildup of coke thereon.
25. A hydrogen-producing assembly, comprising:
a catalyst chamber defining an internal volume and including an inlet for receiving a feed stream and an outlet for a reformate mixed-gas stream containing hydrogen gas and other gases produced in the internal volume, wherein the hydrogen gas is a majority component of the reformate mixed-gas stream;
a heat source adjacent the catalyst chamber and adapted to combust a fuel and produce a heat stream directed at the catalyst chamber to heat the catalyst chamber to at least a minimum hydrogen-producing temperature;
a vaporization region within the internal volume and adapted to receive the feed stream in a liquid state and to at least partially vaporize the feed stream;
a hydrogen-producing region adjacent the vaporization region within the internal volume and positioned to receive the feed stream from the vaporization region, the hydrogen-producing region including a volume of catalyst adapted to catalyze production of the reformate mixed-gas stream from the feed stream via an endothermic reaction;
a conductive guide structure positioned within the internal volume and spanning at least the hydrogen-producing region, the conductive guide structure adapted to conduct and distribute heat from the heat source to and through the hydrogen-producing region and to direct the feed stream and the reformate mixed-gas stream in a helical path through at least the hydrogen-producing region; and
a hydrogen-purification region coupled to the hydrogen-producing region and adapted to receive the reformate mixed-gas stream from the hydrogen-producing region and to separate the reformate mixed-gas stream into a permeate stream and the fuel, wherein the permeate stream has at least one of a greater concentration of hydrogen gas and a lower concentration of the other gases than the reformate mixed-gas stream, wherein the fuel contains at least a substantial portion of the other gases.