Photodetectors and photovoltaics based on semiconductor nanocrystals
A composite material is described. The composite material comprises semiconductor nanocrystals, and organic molecules that passivate the surfaces of the semiconductor nanocrystals. One or more properties of the organic molecules facilitate the transfer of charge between the semiconductor nanocrystals. A semiconductor material is described that comprises p-type semiconductor material including semiconductor nanocrystals. At least one property of the semiconductor material results in a mobility of electrons in the semiconductor material being greater than or equal to a mobility of holes. A semiconductor material is described that comprises n-type semiconductor material including semiconductor nanocrystals. At least one property of the semiconductor material results in a mobility of holes in the semiconductor material being greater than or equal to a mobility of electrons.
1. A composite material comprising:
semiconductor nanocrystals; and
organic molecules that passivate the surfaces of the semiconductor nanocrystals, at least one property of the organic molecules is to facilitate the transfer of charge between the semiconductor nanocrystals, each of the organic molecules being a benzene ring that includes at least one functional group.
2. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the at least one property includes delocalization of at least one type of charge carrier across at least a portion of the organic molecules, wherein the at least one type of charge carrier includes at least one of electrons and holes.
3. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the benzene ring results in the delocalization of the at least one type of charge carrier.
4. The composite material of claim 1 , where the semiconductor nanocrystals comprise at least one of PbS, PbSe, PbTe, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, SnS, SnSe, SnTe, Si, GaAs, Bi2S3, Bi2Se3, CuInS 2 , CuInSe 2 , Cu(InGa)Se 2 (CIGS), CuGaSe 2 .
5. The composite material of claim 1 , where the organic molecules comprise at least one of Benzenedithiol, Dibenzenedithiol, Mercaptopropionic acid, Mercaptobenzoic acid, Pyridine, Pyrimidine, Pyrazine, Pyridazine, Dicarboxybenzene, Benzenediamine, and Dibenzenediamine.
6. A semiconductor material, the semiconductor material comprising:
a p-type semiconductor material including semiconductor nanocrystals, at least one property of the semiconductor material is to result in a mobility of electrons in the semiconductor material being greater than or equal to a mobility of holes; and
a benzene ring that includes at least one functional group.
7. A semiconductor material, the semiconductor material comprising:
an n-type semiconductor material including semiconductor nanocrystals, at least one property of the semiconductor material is to result in a mobility of holes in the semiconductor material being greater than or equal to a mobility of electrons; and
a benzene ring that includes at least one functional group.
8. A device comprising:
a semiconductor material in contact with a first electrode and a second electrode, the semiconductor material being a p-type semiconductor material comprising semiconductor nanocrystals, properties of the semiconductor material being configured to result in a mobility of electrons in the semiconductor material being greater than or equal to a mobility of holes; and
a benzene ring that includes at least one functional group.
9. A device comprising:
a semiconductor material in contact with a first electrode and a second electrode, the semiconductor material being an n-type semiconductor material comprising semiconductor nanocrystals, properties of the semiconductor material being configured to result in a mobility of holes in the semiconductor material being greater than or equal to a mobility of electrons; and
a benzene ring that includes at least one functional group.