Replicated derivatives having demand-based, adjustable returns, and trading exchange therefor
Methods and systems for trading and replicating contingent claims, such as derivatives strategies, in a demand-based auction are described. In one embodiment, a set of demand-based claims, each of which can be a vanilla option or a digital option, approximate or replicate the contingent claim into a vanilla replicating basis or a digital replicating basis, and the order for the contingent claim is then evaluated or processed in the demand-based auction. In another embodiment, a plurality of strikes and a plurality of replicating claims are established for a demand-based auction on an event, one or more replicating claims striking at each of the strikes in the auction. A contingent claim, such as a derivatives strategy, is replicated with a replication set that includes one or more of the replicating claims in the auction. The equilibrium price and/or the payout for the derivatives strategy is determined as a function of the demand-based valuation of each of the replicating claims in the replication set. For a customer order requesting a number of a certain derivatives strategy in the demand-based auction and a limit price per derivatives strategy, the premium of the customer order is determined as a product of the equilibrium price for the derivatives strategy and a filled number of derivatives strategies for the order, each determined as a function of the demand-based valuation of each of the replicating claims in the demand-based auction.
1. A method of a trading machine for trading contingent claims in a demand-based auction, comprising:
recording investments in a plurality of contingent claims;
for each of the plurality of contingent claims, selecting, by a processor of the trading machine and from a plurality of demand-based claims, a respective set of demand-based claims that (a) the processor determines most closely, as compared to others of the plurality of demand-based claims, replicates a return on the respective contingent claim, and (b) includes at least one option, wherein the value of each of the plurality of contingent claims is contingent on the outcome of an observable event with more than one possible outcome; and
determining, by a processor of the trading machine, investment amounts in the demand-based claims and returns on the demand-based claims based on input of the total and relative amounts of all investments in the recorded plurality of contingent claims.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the demand-based claims also include at least one digital option.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the demand-based claims include at least one of a vanilla put and a vanilla call.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the demand-based claims include at least one of a resealed vanilla put knock out and a rescaled vanilla call knock out.
5. The method according to claim 1 , further including the step of:
defining the contingent claim to be approximated as a derivatives strategy.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the investment amounts in the demand-based claims and returns on the demand-based claims are not determined by the amount offered to buy or sell the demand-based claim.
7. A method of a trading machine for trading contingent claims, comprising:
recording investments in a plurality of contingent claims;
for each of the plurality of contingent claims, selecting, by a processor of the trading machine and from a predetermined plurality of claims, a respective set of claims that (a) the processor determines most closely, as compared to others of the predetermined plurality of claims, replicates a return on the respective contingent claim, and (b) includes at least one option, wherein the value of each of the plurality of contingent claims is contingent on the outcome of an observable event with more than one possible outcome; and
determining, by a processor of the trading machine, investment amounts in the set of claims and returns on the set of claims based on input of the total and relative amounts of all investments in the recorded plurality of contingent claims.