Methods and materials for fabricating laminate nanomolds and nanoparticles therefrom
A laminate nanomold includes a layer of perfluoropolyether defining a cavity that has a predetermined shape and a support layer coupled with the layer of perfluoropolyether. The laminate can also include a tie-layer coupling the layer of perfluoropolyether with the support layer. The tie-layer can also include a photocurable component and a thermal curable component. The cavity can have a broadest dimension of less than 500 nanometers.
1. A laminate nanomold system comprising:
a layer of perfluoropolyether, wherein the layer of perfluoropolyether includes a first surface defining a plurality of cavities, wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities has a predetermined shape and is less than about 10 micrometers in a largest dimension, and wherein the layer of perfluoropolyether is less than about 75 micrometers in thickness;
a support layer bonded to a second surface of the layer of perfluoropolyether opposite the first surface, wherein the support layer bonded to the layer of perfluoropolyether has a combined modulus greater than about 1400 MPa;
a sheet positioned to face the first surface of the layer of perfluoropolyether;
a material disposed between the sheet and the first surface of the layer of perfluoropolyether, the material configured to conform to the cavities of the first surface; and
a first roller and a second roller defining a nip point configured and dimensioned to receive the layer of perfluoropolyether bonded to the support layer, the sheet, and the material.
2. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , further comprising a tie-layer disposed between the layer of perfluoropolyether and the support layer to attach the support layer with the layer of perfluoropolyether.
3. The laminate nanomold system of claim 2 , wherein the tie-layer comprises a dual cure material.
4. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities comprise a predetermined shape selected from the group consisting of cylindrical, 200 nm diameter cylinders, cuboidal, 200 nm cuboidal, crescent, and concave disc.
5. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cavities comprise cavities of a variety of predetermined shapes.
6. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities is less than about 5 micrometers in a largest dimension.
7. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities is less than about 1 micrometers in a largest dimension.
8. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities is less than about 750 nanometers in a largest dimension.
9. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities is less than about 500 nanometers in a largest dimension.
10. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities is less than about 300 nanometers in a largest dimension.
11. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities is less than about 200 nanometers in a largest dimension.
12. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities is less than about 100 nanometers in a largest dimension.
13. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities is less than about 75 nanometers in a largest dimension.
14. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities is less than about 50 nanometers in a largest dimension.
15. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities is less than about 40 nanometers in a largest dimension.
16. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities is less than about 30 nanometers in a largest dimension.
17. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities is less than about 20 nanometers in a largest dimension.
18. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities is less than about 10 nanometers in a largest dimension.
19. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein the perfluoropolyether layer is less than about 40 micrometers thick.
20. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein the perfluoropolyether layer is less than about 30 micrometers thick.
21. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein the perfluoropolyether layer is less than about 20 micrometers thick.
22. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein the perfluoropolyether layer is less than about 15 micrometers thick.
23. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein the perfluoropolyether layer is less than about 10 micrometers thick.
24. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein the support layer comprises a polymer.
25. The laminate nanomold system of claim 24 , wherein the polymer of the support layer comprises polyethylene terephthalate.
26. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein the support layer is less than about 20 mil thick.
27. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein the support layer is less than about 15 mil thick.
28. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein the support layer is less than about 10 mil thick.
29. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein the support layer is less than about 5 mil thick.
30. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein the support layer introduces a modulus of greater than 1000 to the laminate.
31. The laminate nanomold system of claim 3 , wherein the layer of perfluoropolyether is attached to the support layer by photoinitiator coupling and thermalinitiator coupling.
32. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein the perfluoropolyether comprises a photocurable component.
33. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein the layer of perfluoropolyether has a footprint greater than about 25 square centimeters.
34. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein the layer of perfluoropolyether has a footprint greater than about 50 square centimeters.
35. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein the layer of perfluoropolyether has a footprint greater than about 100 square centimeters.
36. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities is less than about 5 micrometers from an adjacent cavity.
37. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities is less than about 2 micrometer from an adjacent cavity.
38. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities is less than about 1 micrometers from an adjacent cavity.
39. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities is less than about 750 nanometers from an adjacent cavity.
40. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities is less than about 500 nanometers from an adjacent cavity.
41. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein the perfluoropolyether has less than about 10 percent sol fraction.
42. The laminate nanomold system of claim 1 , wherein the first roller and second roller are configured and dimensioned to pinch the layer of perfluoropolyether, the support layer, the sheet, and the material.
43. A laminate nanomold comprising:
a layer of perfluoropolyether, wherein the layer of perfluoropolyether includes a first surface defining a plurality of cavities, wherein each cavity of the plurality of cavities has a predetermined shape and is less than about 10 micrometers in a largest dimension, and wherein the layer of perfluoropolyether is less than about 75 micrometers in thickness; and
a support layer bonded to a second surface of the layer of perfluoropolyether opposite the first surface, wherein the support layer bonded to the layer of perfluoropolyether has a combined modulus greater than about 1400 MPa.