Genetic markers for assessing risk of developing bipolar disorder
This document provides methods and materials related to genetic markers of Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Schizophrenia (SZ). For example, methods for using such genetic markers to assess risk of developing BD and/or SZ are provided, as are methods for making a differential diagnosis between BD and SZ.
1. A method of determining relative risk of developing bipolar disorder (BD) versus schizophrenia (SZ) in a human subject, the method comprising:
obtaining a sample comprising genomic DNA from the subject;
determining the identity of an allele of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at rs2291100 in the sample; and
identifying a subject who has a cytosine (C) allele at rs2291100 as having an increased risk of developing SZ instead of BD, as compared to a subject lacking a C allele at rs2291100.
2. The method of claim l, wherein determining the identity of an allele at rs2291100 comprises:
contacting the sample with a probe specific for an allele at rs2291100; and
detecting the formation of complexes between the probe and the allele,
wherein the formation of complexes between the probe and the allele indicates the presence of the selected allele in the sample.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the identity of an allele at rs2291100 comprises determining the identity of the nucleotide at position 31 of SEQ ID NO: 509.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a patient having or suspected of having BD or SZ.
5. The method of claim l, wherein the subject has one or more risk factors associated with BD or SZ.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the risk factors associated with BD or SZ include one or more of: a relative afflicted with BD or SZ; and a genetically based phenotypic trait associated with risk for BD or SZ.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has exhibited or exhibits symptoms of psychosis.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising selecting or excluding a subject for enrollment in a clinical trial based on the identity of the allele.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising stratifying a subject population for analysis of a clinical trial based on the identity of the allele in the subjects.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising confirming a diagnosis of SZ or BD using psychometric instruments.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising selecting a treatment for BD if the allele in the subject indicates that the subject has an increased risk of developing BD, or selecting a treatment for SZ if an allele in the subject indicates that the subject has an increased risk of developing SZ.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising administering the selected treatment to the subject.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the treatment is psychotherapy.
14. The method of claim 7 , wherein the psychosis is associated with BD or SZ.
15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising recording the identity of the allele in a tangible medium.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the tangible medium comprises a computer-readable disk, a solid state memory device, or an optical storage device.
17. The method of claim 1 , comprising determining the identity of both alleles at rs2291100 in the sample, and identifying a subject who has two C alleles at rs2291100 as having an increased risk of developing SZ instead of BD, as compared to a subject having one C allele at rs2291100 or lacking a C allele at rs2291100.