Positive electrode active material and its manufacturing method, positive electrode for lithium secondary cell using same, and lithium secondary cell
A positive active material is provided which can inhibit side reactions between the positive electrode and an electrolyte even at a high potential and which, when applied to a battery, can improve charge/discharge cycle performance without impairing battery performances even in storage in a charged state. Also provided are: a process for producing the active material; a positive electrode for lithium secondary batteries which employs the active material; and a lithium secondary battery which has improved charge/discharge cycle performance while retaining intact battery performances even after storage in a charged state and which can exhibit excellent charge/discharge cycle performance even when used at a high upper-limit voltage. The positive active material comprises: base particles able to dope and release lithium ions; and an element in Group 3 of the periodic table present on at least part of that part of the base particles which is able to come into contact with an electrolyte. It is produced by, e.g., a process which comprises: producing base particles containing lithium and able to dope and release lithium ions; and then imparting an element in Group 3 of the periodic table to the base particles so that the element can be present on at least part of that part of the base particles which is able to come into contact with an electrolyte.
1. A positive active material, comprising:
base particles able to dope and release lithium ions; and
an oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Gd, Ce and Yb on at least part of a part of the base particles which is able to come into contact with an electrolyte,
wherein said at least one element is formed on a surface of said base particles, and is not incorporated in said base particles, and
wherein a weight percent of said at least one element in terms of oxide is in a range from 0.01% to 4% of a total weight of said base particles and said at least one element in terms of oxide.
2. A positive electrode for lithium secondary batteries, comprising:
the positive active material of claim 1 .
3. A lithium secondary battery, comprising:
the positive electrode for lithium secondary batteries of claim 2 ;
a negative electrode employing a negative-electrode material able to dope and undope lithium ions; and
a non-aqueous electrolyte.
4. The lithium secondary battery of claim 3 , which is for use at an upper-limit voltage of 4.3 V or greater.
5. The positive active material of claim 1 , wherein the weight percent of said at least one element in terms of oxide is in a range from 0.05% to 4% of the total weight of said base particles and said at least one element in terms of oxide.
6. A positive active material, comprising:
base particles able to dope and release lithium ions; and
an oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Gd, Ce, and Yb formed on a surface of said base particles and not incorporated in said base particles,
wherein a weight percent of said at least one element in terms of oxide is in a range from 0.01% to 4% of a total weight of said base particles and said at least one element in terms of oxide.
7. The positive active material of claim 6 , wherein the base particles comprise LiCoO 2 .
8. The positive active material of claim 6 , wherein the base particles comprise a lithium-transition metal composite oxide having an α-NaFeO 2 type crystal structure and represented by a composite formula Li x Mn a Ni b Co c O d (wherein 0≦x≦1.3, a+b+c=1, |a−b|≦0.03, 0≦c<1, and 1.7≦d≦2.3).
9. The positive active material of claim 6 , wherein the base particles comprise LiCoO 2 .
10. The positive active material of claim 6 , wherein the base particles comprise a lithium-transition metal composite oxide having an α-NaFeO 2 type crystal structure and represented by a composite formula Li x Mn a Ni b Co c O d (wherein 0≦x≦1.3, a+b+c=1, |a−b|≦0.03, 0≦c<1, and 1.7≦d≦2.3).
11. A positive electrode for lithium secondary batteries, comprising:
the positive active material of claim 6 .
12. A lithium secondary battery, comprising:
the positive electrode for lithium secondary batteries of claim 11 ;
a negative electrode employing a negative-electrode material able to dope and undope lithium ions; and
a non-aqueous electrolyte.
13. The lithium secondary battery of claim 12 , which is for use at an upper-limit voltage of 4.3 V or greater.
14. The positive active material of claim 6 , wherein the weight percent of said at least one element in terms of oxide is in a range from 0.05% to 4% of the total weight of said base particles and said at least one element in terms of oxide.