Circuit breaker-like apparatus with combination current transformer
In a circuit breaker, a current transformer for fault powering trip unit electronics and sensing low currents and high currents includes a core with solid laminations and gapped laminations to sense a wide range of currents from locked-rotor currents to high, instantaneous short-circuit currents in a single current transformer. The current transformer can also fault power trip unit electronics without requiring an additional current transformer. The operating range of the circuit breaker is significantly enhanced compared to existing breakers that can sense only a limited range of current levels.
1. A current transformer apparatus for fault powering electronics coupled to the current transformer apparatus and for sensing a range of currents, the current transformer comprising a core including a plurality of solid laminations and a plurality of gapped laminations arranged back-to-back in a stack, wherein all of said plurality of gapped laminations are arranged back-to-back and all of said plurality of solid laminations are arranged back-to-back, each of the solid laminations having a central opening and each of the gapped laminations including a central opening and a gap or a notch formed along the surface of the gapped lamination, the number of the gapped laminations and the gap dimensions being selected to retain fault powering for solid-state electronics coupled to the current transformer and to sense the range of fault currents in response to a primary current being applied to a wire wound around the core, wherein the range of currents includes a lower current threshold and an upper current threshold, the ratio of the upper current threshold to the lower current threshold being at least 100:1.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the number of the solid laminations corresponds to a solid-to-gapped laminations ratio of 2:1 to 3:1.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the number of the gapped laminations corresponds to a gapped-to-solid laminations ratio of 2:1 to 8:1.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said range of currents sensed includes a current corresponding to a locked-rotor current or an in-rush current of a motor coupled to the current transformer apparatus and a fault current corresponding to an instantaneous short-circuit current.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the range of currents sensed is about 10 amps to about 3000 amps.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , said electronics including a solenoid powered by secondary current inductively induced from the primary current, said plurality of solid laminations and said plurality of gapped laminations comprising an iron alloy material, wherein said core is approximately 0.4 inches to 0.6 inches thick.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising:
a bobbin secured around said core and extending through said respective central openings of said solid lamination and said gapped lamination;
a first lead pin and a second lead pin secured to the bobbin such that the pins extend away from the bobbin;
the wire having a number of turns and wound around said bobbin; and
a housing that at least partially encloses said core, said bobbin, and said wire, the first lead pin and the second lead pin protruding through the housing, the housing being dimensioned to fit within a housing of a circuit breaker into which the apparatus is installed.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , said electronics including a solenoid powered by secondary current inductively induced from the primary current.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , the wire having a number of turns, wherein said number of turns is at least 400.
10. The current transformer of claim 8 , wherein a height dimension of the gapped laminations and the solid laminations does not exceed around 1.15 inches, and wherein a maximum width dimension of the gapped laminations and the solid laminations does not exceed one inch.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , said plurality of solid laminations and said plurality of gapped laminations comprising an iron alloy material, wherein said core is approximately 0.4 inches to 0.6 inches thick.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a bobbin secured around said core and extending through said respective central openings of said solid lamination and said gapped lamination;
a first lead pin and a second lead pin secured to the bobbin such that the pins extend away from the bobbin;
the wire having a number of turns and wound around said bobbin; and
a housing that at least partially encloses said core, said bobbin, and said wire, the first lead pin and the second lead pin protruding through the housing, the housing being dimensioned to fit within a housing of a circuit breaker into which the apparatus is installed.
13. The current transformer of claim 12 , said electronics including a solenoid powered by secondary current inductively induced from the primary current, and wherein said range of currents sensed includes a current corresponding to a locked-rotor current or an in-rush current of a motor coupled to the current transformer apparatus and a fault current corresponding to an instantaneous short-circuit current.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of said gapped laminations has a generally C-shape and at least three straight edge sections about a periphery of each of said gapped laminations.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of said solid laminations is generally ring-shaped.
16. The current transformer of claim 1 , wherein said range of currents includes a low current on the order of 9 or 10 amps and a fault current corresponding to an instantaneous short-circuit current, said electronics being housed within a circuit breaker and including a microcontroller and a solenoid both powered by secondary current inductively induced from said primary current, said microcontroller being programmed to, responsive to detecting said low current, cause said circuit breaker to trip.
17. The current transformer of claim 16 , wherein said solid laminations and said gapped laminations are punched from the same die.
18. The current transformer of claim 1 , wherein the nominal area of the each of the solid laminations does not exceed approximately 0.0607 square inches.
19. A motor circuit protector for interrupting the flow of electrical current to a motor, comprising:
a current transformer including a core having a central opening, the core having solid laminations stacked back-to-back together with gapped laminations stacked back- to-back, each of the gapped laminations having a gap formed along each respective surface of the gapped laminations;
wherein the current transformer senses a range of currents, wherein the range of currents includes a low current on the order of 9 or 10 amps and a fault current corresponding to an instantaneous short-circuit current such that a ratio of the fault current to the low current is at least 100:1, the low current corresponding to a locked-rotor or an in-rush current of the motor;
and an electronic circuit including solid-state electronics and a solenoid, the electronic circuit being powered by secondary current inductively induced from primary current by the current transformer, the solenoid operable to cause the motor circuit protector to interrupt the flow of current to the motor.
20. The motor circuit protector of claim 19 , wherein the ratio of solid laminations to gapped laminations is at least 2:1.
21. The motor circuit protector of claim 19 , wherein a height dimension of the gapped laminations and the solid laminations does not exceed around 1.15 inches, and wherein a maximum width dimension of the gapped laminations and the solid laminations does not exceed one inch.
22. A current transformer apparatus for fault powering electronics coupled to the current transformer apparatus and for sensing a range of currents, the current transformer comprising a core including a plurality of solid laminations and a plurality of gapped laminations arranged back-to-back in a stack, each of the solid laminations having a central opening and each of the gapped laminations including a central opening and a gap or a notch formed along the surface of the gapped lamination, the number of the gapped laminations and the gap dimensions being selected to retain fault powering for solid-state electronics coupled to the current transformer and to sense the range of fault currents in response to a primary current being applied to a wire wound around the core,
wherein the range of currents includes a lower current threshold and an upper current threshold, the ratio of the upper current threshold to the lower current threshold being at least 100:1,
wherein a height dimension of the gapped laminations and the solid laminations does not exceed around 1.15 inches, and
wherein a maximum width dimension of the gapped laminations and the solid laminations does not exceed one inch.