Substituted indolealkanoic acids
Disclosed are substituted indolealkanoic acids useful in the treatment of chronic complications arising from diabetes mellitus. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and methods of treatment employing the compounds, as well as methods for their synthesis.
1. A compound of the formula:
wherein
A is a C 1 -C 4 alkylene group optionally substituted with C 1 -C 2 alkyl or mono- or disubstituted with halogen;
Z is a bond, O, S, C(O)NH, or C 1 -C 3 alkylene optionally substituted with C 1 -C 2 alkyl;
R 1 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms, halogen, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl, or phenyl, where the phenyl or pyridyl is optionally substituted with up to three groups selected from halogen, hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, nitro, amino, or mono- or di(C 1 -C 6 )alkylamino;
R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are each independently
hydrogen, halogen, nitro, or an alkyl group of 1-6 carbon atoms optionally substituted with one or more halogens;
OR 7 , SR 7 , S(O)R 7 , S(O) 2 N(R 7 ) 2 , C(O)N(R 7 ) 2 , or N(R 7 ) 2 , wherein each R 7 is independently hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1-6 carbon atoms optionally substituted with one or more halogens, or benzyl, where the phenyl portion is optionally substituted with up to three groups independently selected from halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, amino, and mono- or di(C 1 -C 6 )alkylamino;
phenyl or heteroaryl, where each of which phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with up to three groups independently selected from halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, amino, and mono- or di(C 1 -C 6 )alkylamino;
phenoxy where the phenyl portion is optionally substituted with up to three groups independently selected from halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, amino, and mono- or di(C 1 -C 6 )alkylamino; or
a group of the formula
where
J is a bond, CH 2 , oxygen, or nitrogen; and
each r is independently 2 or 3;
R 6 is hydroxy, benzyloxy, di(C 1 -C 6 )alkylaminoethyloxy, acetoxymethyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, phthalidoyl, ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl, 5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-ylmethyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy or O − M + where M + represents a cation selected from sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium and calcium;
R a is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, fluoro, or trifluoromethyl;
and Ar represents a heteroaryl group selected from
a heterocyclic 5-membered ring having one nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, two nitrogens one of which may be replaced by oxygen or sulfur, or three nitrogens one of which may be replaced by oxygen or sulfur, said heterocyclic 5-membered ring being condensed with benzo, said benzo being optionally substituted by one of iodo, cyano, nitro, perfluoroethyl, trifluoroacetyl, or (C 1 -C 6 )alkanoyl, one or two of fluoro, chloro, bromo, hydroxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkylthio, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylthio, (C 1 -C 6 )alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkylsulfonyl or trifluoromethyl, or two fluoro or two trifluoromethyl with one hydroxy or one (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, or one or two fluoro and one trifluoromethyl, or three fluoro;
a heterocyclic 6-membered ring having one to three nitrogen atoms, or one or two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen or sulfur, said heterocyclic 6-membered ring being condensed with benzo, where the benzo is optionally substituted by one of iodo or trifluoromethylthio, or one or two of fluoro, chloro, bromo, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkylthio, (C 1 -C 6 )alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkylsulfonyl, or trifluoromethyl;
said benzo-condensed heterocyclic 5-membered or 6-membered rings being optionally substituted in the heterocyclic 5-membered or 6-membered ring by one of fluoro, chloro, bromo, methoxy, or trifluoromethyl; and
the benzo-condensed heterocyclic 5-membered ring and the benzo-condensed heterocyclic 6-membered ring are connected to Z via a ring member of the heterocyclic 5-membered or 6-membered ring, respectively.
2. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein Ar is a heteroaryl group which is a heterocyclic 5- or 6-membered ring fused to a benzo group of Formula III
wherein R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 are independently hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl or nitro.
3. A compound according to claim 2 , wherein A is methylene and Z is a bond.
4. A compound according to claim 2 , wherein R a is hydrogen and Z is a bond.
5. A compound according to claim 2 , wherein A is methylene, R a is hydrogen, and Z is a bond.
6. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein the heterocyclic 5- or 6-membered ring fused to a benzo group is optionally substituted on the benzo portion by one of iodo, cyano, nitro, perfluoroethyl, trifluoroacetyl, or (C 1 -C 6 )alkanoyl, one or two of fluoro, chloro, bromo, hydroxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 ) alkylthio, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylthio, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl-sulfinyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkylsulfonyl or trifluoromethyl, or two fluoro or two trifluoromethyl with one hydroxy or one (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, or one or two fluoro and one trifluoromethyl, or three fluoro.
7. A compound according to claim 6 , wherein at least one of R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 is trifluoromethyl.
8. A compound according to claim 7 , wherein R 12 is trifluoromethyl.
9. A compound according to claim 6 , wherein R 11 , R 12 , and R 14 are fluorines and R 13 is hydrogen.
10. A compound according to claim 9 , wherein R 6 is hydroxy.
11. A compound according to claim 9 , wherein R 6 is C 1 -C 6 alkoxy.
12. A compound according to claim 5 , wherein R 13 is hydrogen.
13. A compound according to claim 12 , wherein R 6 is hydroxy.
14. A compound according to claim 12 , wherein R 6 is C 1 -C 6 alkoxy.
15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a compound according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
16. A compound according to claim 2 , wherein Ar is a heterocyclic 6-membered ring containing one nitrogen and the ring is fused to a benzo group of Formula III
wherein R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 are independently hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl or nitro.
17. A method of alleviating chronic complications arising from diabetes mellitus, which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound according to claim 1 wherein the complications are selected from the group consisting of diabetic cataracts, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy.