Apparatus and methods for dilating and modifying ostia of paranasal sinuses and other intranasal or paranasal structures
Sinusitis and other disorders of the ear, nose and throat are diagnosed and/or treated using minimally invasive approaches with flexible or rigid instruments. Various methods and devices are used for remodeling or changing the shape, size or configuration of a sinus ostium or duct or other anatomical structure in the ear, nose or throat; implanting a device, cells or tissues; removing matter from the ear, nose or throat; delivering diagnostic or therapeutic substances or performing other diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Introducing devices (e.g., guide catheters, tubes, guidewires, elongate probes, other elongate members) may be used to facilitate insertion of working devices (e.g. catheters e.g. balloon catheters, guidewires, tissue cutting or remodeling devices, devices for implanting elements like stents, electrosurgical devices, energy emitting devices, devices for delivering diagnostic or therapeutic agents, substance delivery implants, scopes etc.) into the paranasal sinuses or other structures in the ear, nose or throat.
1. A method for treating sinusitis by dilating a natural, unfractured paranasal sinus ostium of an unfractured paranasal sinus of a patient; the method comprising:
advancing a balloon catheter into a nasal cavity of the patient, the balloon catheter having an expandable balloon and a shaft having an initial flexibility;
after said advancing, decreasing the flexibility of the shaft by activating a shaft stiffening element;
positioning the balloon with the stiffening element activated within the natural paranasal sinus ostium of a paranasal sinus; and
dilating the ostium by expanding the balloon within the ostium.
2. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising removing the stiffening element from the catheter before expanding the balloon.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the stiffening element comprises a stylet that is insertable into at least a portion of the catheter shaft.
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein the stiffening element comprises a stiffening member that is attachable to and removable from at least a portion of the flexible catheter shaft.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the stiffening element comprises a sleeve that is temporarily positionable over at least a portion of the flexible catheter shaft.
6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the initial flexibility is such that the catheter shaft has a flexural stiffness less than about 200 pound-force per inch over a catheter length of one inch.
7. A method according to claim 1 wherein the stiffening element is selected from the group consisting of:
a spiral element wound around the catheter shaft;
a reinforcing filament substantially parallel to an axis of the catheter shaft;
one or more stiffening rings positioned along the catheter shaft;
a series of controllably stiffening elements positioned along the catheter shaft and a mechanism for controlling friction therebetween;
a hypotube;
a reinforcing braid on the catheter shaft; and
a reinforcing mesh on the catheter shaft.