Nanostructured composite electrode
A nanostructured composite electrode is provided that includes a pair of conductive metal foils and a multiplicity of ordered nanostructures formed on each conductive metal foil. The ordered nanostructures include functionalized carbon multi-walled nanotubes electrophoretically deposited onto the metal foils. The ordered nanostructures also include synthesized nanoparticles electrophoretically deposited onto each of the carbon multi-walled nanotubes and the metal foils in proportion to the concentration of the carbon multi-walled nanotubes while in a stable colloidal suspension with the synthesized nanoparticles during electrophoretic deposition.
1. A nanostructured composite electrode, comprising:
a pair of conductive metal foils; and
a multiplicity of ordered nanostructures formed on each conductive metal foil, comprising:
functionalized carbon multi-walled nanotubes electrophoretically deposited onto the metal foils; and
synthesized nanoparticles electrophoretically deposited onto each of the carbon multi-walled nanotubes and the metal foils in proportion to the concentration of the carbon multi-walled nanotubes while in a stable colloidal suspension with the synthesized nanoparticles during electrophoretic deposition.
2. A nanostructured composite electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the proportion of the carbon multi-walled nanotubes comprises between 10 wt % and 15 wt %.
3. A nanostructured composite electrode according to claim 1 , further comprising:
nanoelectrodes comprising synthesized nanoparticles electrophoretically deposited onto the carbon multi-walled nanotubes,
wherein the nanoelectrodes are electrophoretically deposited onto the metal foils.
4. A nanostructured composite electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the synthesized nanoparticles comprise a compound selected from the group comprising Mg(NO 3 ) 2 of between 10 −5 and 10 −4 mol.
5. A nanostructured composite electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive metal foils are selected from the group comprising nickel, aluminum, or copper.
6. A nanostructured composite electrode, comprising:
a pair of conductive metal foils; and
a multiplicity of ordered nanostructures formed on each conductive metal foil, comprising:
functionalized carbon multi-walled nanotubes electrophoretically deposited onto the metal foils; and
synthesized nanoparticles electrophoretically deposited onto each of the carbon multi-walled nanotubes and the metal foils in proportion to the concentration of the carbon multi-walled nanotubes while in a stable colloidal suspension with the synthesized nanoparticles during electrophoretic deposition, the synthesized nanoparticles comprising an alkali metal and a transition metal that have been dissolved in a citrate acid solution, combusted and annealed prior to the electrophoretic deposition.
7. A nanostructured composite electrode according to claim 6 , wherein the proportion of the carbon multi-walled nanotubes comprises between 10 wt % and 15 wt %.
8. A nanostructured composite electrode according to claim 6 , further comprising:
nanoelectrodes comprising synthesized nanoparticles electrophoretically deposited onto the carbon multi-walled nanotubes,
wherein the nanoelectrodes are electrophoretically deposited onto the metal foils.
9. A nanostructured composite electrode according to claim 6 , wherein the synthesized nanoparticles comprise a compound selected from the group comprising LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiNiO 2 , and Li x Mn 1-y Ni y O 2 .
10. A nanostructured composite electrode according to claim 6 , wherein the synthesized nanoparticles comprise a compound selected from the group comprising manganese dioxide and ruthenium dioxide or from the group comprising platinum and ruthenium.
11. A nanostructured composite electrode, comprising:
a pair of conductive metal foils; and
a multiplicity of ordered nanostructures formed on each conductive metal foil, comprising:
functionalized carbon multi-walled nanotubes directly deposited onto the metal foils; and
synthesized nanoparticles directly deposited onto the metal foils while in a stable colloidal suspension with the nanoparticles in manganese salt-containing solvent,
wherein the ordered nanostructures are annealed onto the metal foils without a binder following direct deposition.
12. A nanostructured composite electrode according to claim 11 , wherein the synthesized nanoparticles comprise a compound selected from the group comprising Mn(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O.
13. A nanostructured composite electrode according to claim 11 , wherein the synthesized nanoparticles comprise a compound selected from the group comprising amorphous MnO 2 .
14. A nanostructured composite electrode, comprising:
a pair of conductive metal foils; and
a multiplicity of ordered nanostructures formed on each conductive metal foil, comprising:
functionalized carbon multi-walled nanotubes electrophoretically deposited onto the metal foils while in a stable colloidal suspension with synthesized nanoparticles,
wherein the ordered nanostructures are annealed onto the metal foils without a binder following electrophoretic deposition.
15. A nanostructured composite electrode according to claim 14 , wherein the fraction of the carbon multi-walled nanotubes comprises between 10 wt % and 15 wt %.
16. A nanostructured composite electrode according to claim 14 , wherein the synthesized nanoparticles comprise a compound selected from the group comprising Mn(NO 3 ) 2 .
17. A nanostructured composite electrode according to claim 14 , wherein the synthesized nanoparticles comprise a compound selected from the group comprising amorphous MnO 2 .
18. A nanostructured composite electrode according to claim 14 , wherein the conductive metal foils are selected from the group comprising nickel, aluminum, or copper.