Tissue treatment methods
Methods are provided herein for affecting a region of a subject's body, comprising exposing the region to a cooling element under conditions effective to cool subcutaneous adipose tissue in said region; and increasing the blood flow rate to the cooled tissue by exposing the tissue to an energy source. Methods are also provided for treating subcutaneous adipose tissue in a region of a subject's body, comprising exposing said region to a cooling element under conditions effective to cool said tissue; and exposing the tissue to an energy source to increase the blood flow rate to the cooled tissue, thereby stimulating reperfusion in, and/or causing an ischemia-reperfusion injury to, the cooled tissue.
1. A method for selective reduction of lipid-rich cells in a region of a human subject's body, comprising:
treating the region to encourage formation of oxygen radicals by locally administering an oxygen radical forming compound;
exposing an epidermal layer in said region to a cooling element under conditions effective to cool subcutaneous adipose tissue in said region; and
increasing a rate of blood flow to the cooled tissue by exposing the region to an energy source.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising cycling at least one of the steps of exposing said region to a cooling element and increasing blood flow.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of increasing vasoconstriction.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the energy source causes the blood flow rate to increase more rapidly than would occur without the energy source.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cooling element is maintained at an average temperature between about −20° C. and about 5° C.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the epidermal layer in said region is exposed to the cooling element from about 2 min to about 60 min.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cooling element includes a thermoelectric cooling element.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cooling element includes a cooling agent circulating through the cooling element.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the energy source provides at least one of thermal, vibrational, acoustic, and electromagnetic energy.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the energy source provides mechanical energy.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the energy source is applied such that the region is warmed to at least about normal body temperature.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the energy source is applied such that the region is warmed to a temperature warmer than the temperature of the cooled tissue.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the region is warmed sufficient to stimulate reperfusion.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the energy is applied for from about 1 sec to about 30 min.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein energy of about 10 J/cm2 to about 1000 J/cm2 is applied to the tissue.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the steps produce ischemia-reperfusion injury.
17. The method of claim 1 , further comprising treating the region to encourage formation of intracellular and/or extracellular ion concentrations at other than normal levels.
18. A method of treating subcutaneous adipose tissue in a region of a subject's body, comprising:
treating the region to encourage formation of oxygen radicals by locally administering an oxygen radical forming compound;
exposing said region to a cooling element under conditions effective to cool said tissue; and
stimulating reperfusion in the cooled tissue by exposing the region to an energy source to increase the blood flow rate to the cooled tissue.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein stimulating reperfusion in the tissue causes ischemia-reperfusion injury to adipocytes in the tissue.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the energy source causes the blood flow rate to increase more rapidly than would occur without the energy source.
21. A method of treating subcutaneous adipose tissue in a region of a subject's body, comprising:
treating the region to encourage formation of oxygen radicals by locally administering an oxygen radical forming compound;
exposing said region to a cooling element under conditions effective to cool said tissue; and
causing an ischemia-reperfusion injury to the cooled tissue by exposing the region to an energy source to increase the blood flow rate to the cooled tissue.
22. A method for selective reduction of lipid-rich cells in a region of a human subject's body, comprising:
treating the region to encourage formation of oxygen radicals by locally administering an oxygen radical forming compound;
selectively causing vasoconstriction in adipose tissue; and
subsequently stimulating reperfusion by applying an energy source to thereby increase blood flow to the region.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein the step of causing vasoconstriction is by applying pressure.
24. The method of claim 22 wherein the step of causing vasoconstriction is by administration of drugs.
25. A method for selective reduction of lipid-rich cells in a region of a human subject's body, comprising:
treating the region to encourage formation of oxygen radicals by locally administering an oxygen radical forming compound;
selectively creating ischemia in lipid-rich cells in a region of a human subject's body; and
subsequently stimulating reperfusion by applying an energy source to thereby increase the blood flow.