High strength alloys
High strength metal alloys are described herein. At least one composition of a metal alloy includes chromium, nickel, copper, manganese, silicon, niobium, tungsten and iron. System, methods, and heaters that include the high strength metal alloys are described herein. At least one heater system may include a canister at least partially made from material containing at least one of the metal alloys. At least one system for heating a subterranean formation may include a tublar that is at least partially made from a material containing at least one of the metal alloys.
1. A composition, comprising:
from about 18 percent to about 22 percent by weight chromium;
from about 5 percent to about 13 percent by weight nickel;
between about 1 percent and about 10 percent by weight copper;
from 3 percent to about 10 percent by weight manganese;
from about 0.5 percent to about 1.5 percent by weight niobium;
from about 38 percent to about 63 percent by weight iron;
from 0.12 percent to about 0.5 percent by weight nitrogen;
from about 0.08 percent to about 0.2 percent by weight carbon,
with the balance being iron; and
wherein the composition, when at about 800° C., has at least two percent by weight of precipitates comprising phases selected from the group consisting of M(C,N), M 2 (C,N) or M 23 C 6 phases, where M is nickel, copper, niobium, iron or manganese, and wherein the precipitates comprise nanonitrides, the nanonitrides comprising a majority of particles having maximum dimensions in the range of five to one hundred nanometers.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a yield strength of greater than 35 ksi at about 800° C.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition, after being annealed, has a yield strength at about 800° C. that changes less than 20 percent as a result of being cold worked by twenty percent.
4. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising about 0.3 percent to about 1 percent by weight molybdenum.
5. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the precipitates comprise nanocarbide precipitates.
6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the nanocarbide precipitates comprise particles having maximum dimensions in the range of five to two hundred nanometers.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition, when at about 800° C., has at least 3.25 percent by weight of precipitates.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has been heat treated at a heat treating temperature, and the composition comprises at least 1.5 percent by weight of more phases selected from the group consisting of M(C,N), M 2 (C,N) or M 23 C 6 phases, where M is nickel, copper, niobium, iron or manganese, at 800° C. than the composition comprising phases selected from the group consisting of M(C,N), M 2 (C,N) or M 23 C 6 phases, where M is nickel, copper, niobium, iron or manganese, at said heat treating temperature.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the heat treating temperature is at least 1250° C.
10. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the heat treating temperature is between about 1300° C. and the melting temperature of the composition.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition, when at about 800° C., has at least 4 percent by weight of precipitates.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition, when at about 800° C., has at least 8 percent by weight of precipitates.
13. A composition, comprising:
from about 18 percent to about 22 percent by weight chromium;
from about 5 percent to about 14 percent by weight nickel;
from about 1 percent to about 10 percent by weight copper;
from about 0.5 percent to about 1.5 percent by weight niobium;
from 3 percent to about 10 percent by weight manganese;
from about 0.5 percent to about 1.5 percent by weight of tungsten;
from about 36 percent to about 74 percent by weight iron;
from 0.12 percent to about 0.5 percent by weight nitrogen;
from about 0.08 percent to about 0.2 percent by weight carbon,
with the balance being iron; and
wherein the composition, when at about 800° C., has at least two percent by weight of precipitates comprising phases selected from the group consisting of Cu, M(C,N), M 2 (C,N) or M 23 C 6 phases, where M is nickel, copper, niobium, iron or manganese; and wherein the precipitates comprise nanonitrides, the nanonitrides comprising a majority of particles having maximum dimensions in the range of five to one hundred nanometers; and
wherein the ratio of tungsten to copper is between about 1/10 and 10/1.
14. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the ratio of copper to manganese is between about 1/5 and 5/1.
15. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the composition, when at about 800° C., has at least 3.25 percent by weight of precipitates.
16. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the composition, when at about 800° C., has at least 4 percent by weight of precipitates.
17. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the composition has been subjected to cold work to an extent of at least about 10 percent.
18. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the composition has been subjected to hot work to an extent of at least about ten percent.
19. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the composition has been subjected to hot aging.
20. A composition, comprising:
from 18 percent to 22 percent by weight chromium;
from 11 percent to 14 percent by weight nickel;
less than about 3 percent by weight copper;
from 3 percent to 10 percent by weight manganese;
from 0.5 percent to 1.5 percent by weight niobium;
from 0.12 percent to about 0.5 percent by weight nitrogen; and
from about 0.08 percent to about 0.2 percent by weight carbon,
with the balance being iron;
wherein the composition, when at about 800° C., has at least two percent by weight of precipitates comprising phases selected from the group consisting of Cu, M(C,N), M 2 (C,N) or M 23 C 6 phases, where M is nickel, copper, niobium, iron or manganese, and wherein the precipitates comprise nanonitrides, the nanonitrides comprising a majority of particles having maximum dimensions in the range of five to one hundred nanometers; and
wherein the composition is capable of being cold-worked to form a wrought material.
21. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the composition is capable of being hot-worked.
22. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising from about 0.3 percent to about 1 percent by weight silicon.
23. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising from about 0.5 percent to about 2 percent by weight tungsten.
24. The composition of claim 20 , further comprising less than about 0.75 percent by weight silicon.
25. The composition of claim 20 , further comprising from about 0.5 percent to about 1.5 percent by weight tungsten.
26. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises between about 4.5 percent and about 10 percent by weight copper.
27. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the composition comprises between about 4.5 percent and about 10 percent by weight copper.