Catheter mounted automatic vessel occlusion and fluid dispersion devices
Catheter or guidewire mounted automatic vessel occlusion and fluid dispersion devices that expand to occlude or partially occlude a vessel when a fluid is flowing in the catheter or guidewire, and that automatically collapse when fluid flow is stopped. Each occlusion device has an elastic skeleton covered with a flexible cover coupled thereto and may have a hole(s) or openings in its distal or proximal end thereof to allow controlled flow through the desired end of the occlusion device. The fluid may be a flush fluid for enabling or improving the performance of imaging devices and image enhancing fluids, of treatment fluids for localized treatment of a vessel or tissues in communication with the vessel and/or of the transmission of energy to the vessel wall and adjacent tissues. Various embodiments are disclosed.
1. A catheter mounted automatic vessel occlusion and flush dispersion device comprising:
a catheter shaft having an inner diameter and an outer diameter and open proximal and distal ends;
an expandable skeleton over the catheter shaft adjacent the distal end, the expandable skeleton having first and second ends and being non-inflatable, but elastically deflectable radially outward between the first and second ends and not elastically deflectable radially outward at the first and second ends of the expandable skeleton;
a flexible covering over the expandable skeleton extending from the first end to the second end of the expandable skeleton to occlude a blood vessel when inflated by flushing fluid flow in the catheter shaft, the flexible covering being attached to the expandable skeleton to expand the expandable skeleton when the flexible covering is inflated, the attachment of the flexible covering to the expandable skeleton causing the flexible covering to collapse with the expandable skeleton when flushing fluid flow in the catheter shaft stops; and,
at least one opening between the inner diameter of the catheter shaft and the flexible covering to cause inflation of the flexible covering when the flushing fluid flow is provided in the catheter shaft;
the flexible covering being attached to the expandable skeleton so that the expandable skeleton conforms to the shape of the flexible covering when the flexible covering is inflated;
the expandable skeleton being a biocompatible metallic member set in a collapsed state so that the expandable skeleton hugs the catheter shaft outer diameter when there is no flushing fluid flow in the catheter shaft, automatically forcing the flexible covering attached thereto to a deflated state both before flushing fluid flow in the catheter shaft begins and after flushing fluid flow in the catheter shaft stops;
a first end of the flexible covering being porous to allow flushing fluid flow when inflated to occlude or partially occlude an artery or vein at a single location during injection of the flushing fluid, a second end of the flexible covering opposite the first end not being porous.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein a proximal end of the flexible covering is not porous, and a distal end of the flexible covering is porous for controlled flow of flushing fluid out of the porous portion when the flexible covering is inflated by flushing fluid flow in the catheter shaft.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein a distal end of the flexible covering is not porous, a proximal end of the flexible covering is porous for controlled flow of flushing fluid out of the porous portion when the flexible covering is inflated by flushing fluid flow in the catheter shaft.
4. The device of claim 1 further comprising a flow restriction restricting but not blocking flow through the catheter shaft from the at least one opening and the distal end of the catheter shaft more than the flow is restricted between the proximal end of the catheter shaft and the at least one opening.
5. The device of claim 4 wherein the inner diameter of the catheter shaft is reduced in a region between the at least one opening and the distal end of the catheter shaft.
6. The device of claim 4 further comprising an elongate object within the catheter shaft, the elongate object creating the flow restriction by having an increased outer diameter between the at least one opening and the distal end of the catheter shaft.
7. The device of claim 6 wherein the elongate object is a guide wire extending through the catheter shaft.
8. The device of claim 4 further comprising a optical fiber extending through the catheter shaft.
9. The device of claim 4 further comprising an intravascular ultrasound core extending through the catheter shaft.
10. The device of claim 1 wherein the at least one opening between the inner diameter of the catheter shaft and the flexible covering is at least partially covered with a flexible flap attached to the catheter shaft to unobstruct flow of flushing fluid through the at least one opening from the catheter shaft to inflate the flexible covering and to at least partially obstruct flow of flushing fluid back into the catheter shaft when the flexible covering is deflated.
11. The device of claim 10 wherein the flap has a hole therein smaller than the opening between the inner diameter of the catheter shaft and the flexible covering.
12. The device of claim 10 wherein the at least one opening between the inner diameter of the catheter shaft and the flexible covering is a plurality of openings, less than all the openings being at least partially covered with flaps.
13. The device of claim 1 wherein the flexible covering is an elastic flexible covering.
14. The device of claim 1 wherein the flexible covering is an inelastic flexible covering.
15. The device of claim 1 wherein the catheter shaft is a multiple lumen catheter shaft.
16. The device of claim 1 further comprised of an elastomeric valve in the catheter shaft between the at least one opening and the distal end of the catheter shaft, the elastomeric valve obstructing flow through the distal end of the catheter shaft at low flushing fluid pressures on the elastomeric valve, and deflecting at higher flushing fluid pressures to present reduced flow obstruction.
17. The device of claim 16 wherein the elastomeric valve comprises a circular elastomeric member supported concentrically with respect to the catheter shaft inner diameter by a support coupled to the circular elastomeric member at its center.
18. The device of claim 1 wherein the first and second ends of the flexible covering are each fixed with respect to the catheter shaft.
19. The device of claim 1 wherein the first end of the flexible covering is fixed with respect to the catheter shaft and the second end of the flexible covering is coupled to a ring adapted to slide with respect to the catheter shaft in response to inflation of the flexible covering.
20. The device of claim 1 wherein the biocompatible metallic member is a nickel titanium member.