Image display medium and image forming apparatus
The present invention provides an image display medium comprising a pair of substrates facing each other; and a particle group comprising two or more types of particles sealed in a space between the substrates, at least one of the two or more types of particles being positively chargeable by an external stimulus and at least one other of the two or more types of particles being negatively chargeable by an external stimulus, and the positively chargeable and negatively chargeable particles having, respectively, colors different from each other, wherein the positively chargeable and negatively chargeable particles have particle size distributions satisfying 0.4<Ds/Dl<0.9. Ds represents the particle size distribution of at least one type of particles charged with one polarity and Dl represents that of at least one other type of particles charged with the other polarity.
1. An image display medium comprising:
a pair of substrates facing each other; and
a particle group comprising two or more types of particles sealed in a space between the substrates, at least one of the two or more types of particles being positively chargeable by an external stimulus and at least one other of the two or more types of particles being negatively chargeable by an external stimulus, and the positively chargeable and negatively chargeable particles having, respectively, colors different from each other,
wherein the positively chargeable and negatively chargeable particles have particle size distributions satisfying the following formula (1):
0.4 <Ds/Dl< 0.9 Formula (1)
wherein, from among the positively chargeable and negatively chargeable particles, Ds represents the particle size distribution of at least one type of particles which are charged with one polarity,
from among the positively chargeable and negatively chargeable particles, Dl represents the particle size distribution of at least one other type of particles which are charged with the other polarity,
Ds and Dl invariably satisfy a relationship of Ds<Dl,
a particle size distribution D expressed by Ds or Dl represents a ratio (d10 vol/d90 vol) of 10% volume diameter (d10 vol) to 90% volume diameter (d90 vol), and
10% volume diameter (d10 vol) and 90% volume diameter (d90 vol) invariably satisfy a relationship of d90 vol≦d10 vol.
2. The image display medium according to claim 1 , wherein the positively chargeable and negatively chargeable particles have particle size distributions satisfying the following formula (2):
0.42 ≦Ds/Dl≦ 0.83 Formula (2)
wherein, from among the positively chargeable and negatively chargeable particles, Ds represents the particle size distribution of at least one type of particles which are charged with one polarity,
from among the positively chargeable and negatively chargeable particles, Dl represents the particle size distribution of at least one other type of particles which are charged with the other polarity,
Ds and Dl invariably satisfy the relationship of Ds<Dl,
the particle size distribution D expressed by Ds or Dl represents a ratio (d10vol/d90 vol) of 10% volume diameter (d10 vol) to 90% volume diameter (d90 vol), and
10% volume diameter (d10 vol) and 90% volume diameter (d90 vol) invariably satisfy the relationship of d90 vol≦d10 vol.
3. The image display medium according to claim 1 , wherein the positively chargeable and negatively chargeable particles have particle size distributions satisfying the following formula (3):
0.45 ≦Ds/Dl≦ 0.80 Formula (3)
wherein, from among the positively chargeable and negatively chargeable particles, Ds represents the particle size distribution of at least one type of particles which are charged with one polarity,
from among the positively chargeable and negatively chargeable particles, Dl represents the particle size distribution of at least one other type of particles which are charged with the other polarity,
Ds and Dl invariably satisfy the relationship of Ds<Dl,
the particle size distribution D expressed by Ds or Dl represents a ratio (d10 vol/d90 vol) of 10% volume diameter (d10 vol) to 90% volume diameter (d90 vol), and
10% volume diameter (d10 vol) and 90% volume diameter (d90 vol) invariably satisfy the relationship of d90 vol≦d10 vol.
4. The image display medium according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the types of the positively chargeable particles and the negatively chargeable particles contain a white colorant.
5. The image display medium according to claim 4 , wherein the white colorant is titanium oxide.
6. The image display medium according to claim 4 , wherein the white colorant is rutile-type titanium oxide.
7. The image display medium according to claim 1 , wherein a volume average particle diameter of the particle group comprising the two or more types of particles is 0.1 to 30 μm.
8. The image display medium according to claim 1 , wherein the particle group comprising the two or more types of particles contains at least a colorant and a resin.
9. The image display medium according to claim 8 , wherein an amount of the colorant is in a range of 1 to 60% by mass when a specific gravity of the colorant is 1.
10. The image display medium according to claim 8 , wherein the particle group comprising the two or more types of particles further contains a charge controlling agent.
11. The image display medium according to claim 10 , wherein an amount of the charge controlling agent is in a range of 0.1 to 10% by mass.
12. The image display medium according to claim 8 , wherein the particle group comprising the two or more types of particles further contains a resistance controlling agent.
13. The image display medium according to claim 12 , wherein an amount of the resistance controlling agent is in a range of 0.1 to 10% by mass.
14. The image display medium according to claim 8 , wherein the resin contains a cross-linking component.
15. The image display medium according to claim 8 , wherein the particle group comprising the two or more types of particles further contains organic polymer fine particles.
16. The image display medium according to claim 15 , wherein the organic polymer fine particles comprise resin having a cross-linking structure.
17. The image display medium according to claim 15 , wherein a volume average particle diameter of the organic polymer fine particles is not more than 10 μm.
18. The image display medium according to claim 15 , wherein some or all of the organic polymer fine particles are hollow particles having space inside.
19. The image display medium according to claim 15 , wherein an amount of the organic polymer fine particles is 1 to 40% by mass in relation to a total amount of the particle group comprising the two or more types of particles.
20. An image forming apparatus for forming images on an image display medium comprising:
a pair of substrates facing each other;
a particle group comprising two or more types of particles sealed in a space between the substrates, at least one of the two or more types of particles being positively chargeable by an external stimulus and at least one other of the two or more types of particles being negatively chargeable by an external stimulus, the positively chargeable and negatively chargeable particles having, respectively, colors different from each other, and the positively chargeable and negatively chargeable particles having particle size distributions satisfying the following formula (4); and
an electric field generating device for generating an electric field between the pair of substrates in accordance with image information:
0.4 <Ds/Dl< 0.9 Formula (4)
wherein, from among the positively chargeable and negatively chargeable particles, Ds represents the particle size distribution of at least one type of particles which are charged with one polarity,
from among the positively chargeable and negatively chargeable particles, Dl represents the particle size distribution of at least one other type of particles which are charged with the other polarity,
Ds and Dl invariably satisfy a relationship of Ds<Dl,
a particle size distribution D expressed by Ds or Dl represents a ratio (d10 vol/d90 vol) of 10% volume diameter (d10 vol) to 90% volume diameter (d90 vol), and
10% volume diameter (d10 vol) and 90% volume diameter (d90 vol) invariably satisfy a relationship of d90 vol≦d10 vol.
21. The image display medium according to claim 1 , wherein one of the pair of substrates is a display substrate.
22. The image forming apparatus according to claim 20 , wherein one of the pair of substrates is a display substrate.
23. The image display medium according to claim 1 , wherein the positively chargeable particles and the negatively chargeable particles separate and move in accordance with an electric field as a result of applying the electrical field in accordance with an image signal.
24. The image forming apparatus according to claim 20 , wherein the positively chargeable particles and the negatively chargeable particles separate and move in accordance with an electric field as a result of applying the electrical field in accordance with an image signal.
25. The image display medium according to claim 1 , wherein the particles sealed in a space between the substrates are capable of reciprocating between the substrates according to an electric field created by switching of the polarity of a direct voltage applied between the substrates, or by application of an alternating voltage.
26. The image forming apparatus according to claim 20 , wherein the particles sealed in a space between the substrates are capable of reciprocating between the substrates according to an electric field created by switching of the polarity of a direct voltage applied between the substrates, or by application of an alternating voltage.