Virtual ankle and balance trainer system
A rehabilitation system that combines robotics and interactive gaming to facilitate performance of task-specific, repetitive exercise to enable individuals undergoing rehabilitation to improve the performance of coordinated movements of the ankle, and to practice balance activities, is disclosed. More specifically, the rehabilitation system includes at least one two degree-of-freedom robotic, haptic interface for a mammalian foot and interactive gaming hardware that is coupled to a controller, to provide a virtual reality-like environment.
1. A controllable, selectively-movable, multiple degree-of-freedom, mechatronic ankle and balance trainer device that is releasable attachable to a user's foot, the device comprising:
a first haptic interface portion that is structured and arranged to rotate about a posterior-anterior axis for providing data on at least one of inversion and eversion rotation of the foot;
a second haptic interface portion that is structured and arranged to rotate about a lateral-medial axis that is orthogonal or substantially orthogonal to the posterior-anterior axis for providing data on at least one of plantarflexion and dorsiflexion rotation of the foot;
a first damping or actuating device that is structured and arranged to generate at least one of passive resistance and active force to control rotation about the posterior-anterior axis;
a second damping or actuating device that is structured and arranged to generate at least one of passive resistance and active force to control rotation about the lateral-medial axis;
at least one pressure sensing device for measuring force applied to the first haptic interface portion by the foot;
a sensing device for detecting rotation about the posterior-anterior axis and for generating inversion/eversion rotation data signals;
a sensing device for detecting rotation about the lateral-medial axis and for generating plantarflexion/dorsiflexion rotation data signals; and
a controller that is structured and arranged to receive data signals from the sensing devices and to control the at least one of passive resistance and active force of the first and second damping devices.
2. The device as recited in claim 1 further comprising a mechanical stop for controlling a range of rotation about the posterior-anterior axis.
3. The device as recited in claim 2 , wherein the mechanical stop includes a pair of adjustable holding blocks, one of the adjustable holding blocks disposed on an anterior side of the lateral-medial axis and the other adjustable holding block disposed on a posterior side of said lateral-medial axis.
4. The device as recited in claim 1 further comprising a mechanical stop for controlling a range of rotation about the lateral-medial axis.
5. The device as recited in claim 4 , wherein the mechanical stop includes a pair of selectively-adjustable elongate members that are disposed on an inversion side and an eversion side of and co-axially or substantially co-axially with the posterior-anterior axis.
6. The device as recited in claim 1 further comprising an amplification mechanism for amplifying resistance torque for plantarflexion or dorsiflexion rotation about the lateral-medial axis.
7. The device as recited in claim 6 , wherein the amplification mechanism is selected from the group consisting of a cable drive torque amplification mechanism, a piston drive mechanism, a gearbox, and a timing belt mechanism.
8. The device as recited in claim 6 , wherein the amplification mechanism includes:
a first gear that is coupled to a rotating portion of the second damping device;
a pulley that is coupled to a rotatable shaft mounted to the second haptic interface portion;
a second gear that is fixedly attached to a supporting structure; and
cable wire that is routed about the pulley and the first and second gears.
9. The device as recited in claim 1 further comprising a multiple-degree of freedom tracker that is adapted to provide positional and orientation data signals to the controller.
10. A virtual ankle and balance trainer system, the system comprising:
a stable, stationary supporting platform that is structured and arranged to enable standing and seated exercising;
at least one controllable, selectively-movable, multiple degree-of-freedom, mechatronic ankle and balance trainer device that is releasably attachable to a user's foot;
a data acquisition system for receiving data signals from and for transmitting data signals to the ankle and balance trainer device;
a controller that is structured and arranged to process data signals from sensing devices disposed on the ankle and balance trainer device and to control at least one of passive resistance and active force on said ankle and balance trainer device; and
a gaming interface having a graphical display device and adapted to generate virtual reality images using data processed by the controller.
11. The system as recited in claim 10 , wherein the system includes an ankle and balance trainer device for each ankle.
12. The system as recited in claim 10 , wherein the system is adapted to operate in at least one of: a stable mode in which the ankle and balance trainer device is locked and not capable of movement or rotation; a dynamic mode in which the ankle and balance trainer device is capable of movement or rotation; a standing position, in which a user moves the ankle and balance trainer device while in a standing or substantially standing position; and a sitting position, in which a user moves the ankle and balance trainer device while in a sitting or substantially sitting position.
13. The system as recited in claim 10 , wherein the device includes:
a first haptic interface portion that is structured and arranged to rotate about a posterior-anterior axis for providing data on at least one of inversion and eversion rotation of the foot;
a second haptic interface portion that is structured and arranged to rotate about a lateral-medial axis that is orthogonal or substantially orthogonal to the posterior-anterior axis for providing data on at least one of plantarflexion and dorsiflexion rotation of the foot;
a first damping or actuating device that is structured and arranged to generate at least one of passive resistance and active force to control rotation about the posterior-anterior axis;
a second damping or actuating device that is structured and arranged to generate at least one of passive resistance and active force to control rotation about the lateral-medial axis;
at least one pressure sensing device for measuring force applied to the first haptic interface portion by the foot;
a sensing device for detecting rotation about the posterior-anterior axis and for generating inversion/eversion rotation data signals; and
a sensing device for detecting rotation about the lateral-medial axis and for generating plantarflexion/dorsiflexion rotation data signals.
14. The system as recited in claim 13 further comprising a mechanical stop for controlling a range of rotation about the posterior-anterior axis.
15. The system as recited in claim 13 further comprising a mechanical stop for controlling a range of rotation about the lateral-medial axis.
16. The system as recited in claim 13 further comprising an amplification mechanism for amplifying resistance torque for plantarflexion or dorsiflexion rotation about the lateral-medial axis.
17. The system as recited in claim 13 further comprising a multiple-degree of freedom tracker that is adapted to provide positional and orientation data signals to the controller.
18. The system as recited in claim 10 wherein the supporting platform includes a frame for suspending a wearable harness assembly.
19. The system as recited in claim 10 wherein the controller is structured and arranged to generate signals to display real-time images on the display device based on sensing data from the ankle and balance trainer device.
20. The system as recited in claim 10 wherein the controller is structured and arranged to provide haptic feedback to the ankle and balance trainer device as a function of gaming software and images shown on the display device.
21. The system as recited in claim 13 , wherein the controller is adapted to use inversion/eversion rotation data signals and plantarflexion/dorsiflexion rotation data signals to control at least one of a position, a direction of movement, and a velocity of movement of an avatar shown in an image on the display device.
22. The system as recited in claim 13 , wherein the controller is adapted to collect and store the data.