Method for discriminating between benign and malignant prostate tumors
The method for discriminating between benign and malignant prostate tumors relates to analyzing samples of blood, urine and tissue by fluorescence spectroscopy in order to detect the presence of naturally occurring molecules in the fluids and tissue that serve as biomarkers indicative of cancer in the human body. The analysis can be carried out based on fluorescence emission spectra, fluorescence excitation spectra and synchronous (emission and excitation) spectra of bio-samples. The detection, diagnosis, and follow-up and also discrimination between malignant and benign prostate tumors may be made by comparison of ratios of fluorescence emissions and/or excitation intensities of tryptophan, tyrosine, elastin, collagen, bile pigments, NADH, flavins and various species of porphyrins.
1. A method for discriminating between benign and malignant prostate tumors, comprising the steps of:
irradiating a tissue sample from a patient with light from an optical source;
detecting fluorescence from the tissue sample;
identifying and measuring fluorescence intensity maxima in a set of synchronous spectra corresponding to species of tryptophan, elastin, bound and free NADH, and flavins;
defining a first ratio R 1 as the ratio between the intensity maximum of the excitation band corresponding to elastin and the intensity maximum of the excitation band corresponding to tryptophan;
defining a second ratio R 2 as the ratio between the intensity maximum of the excitation band corresponding to elastin and the intensity maximum of the excitation band corresponding to NADH;
defining a third ratio R 3 as the ratio between the intensity maximum of the excitation band corresponding to elastin and the intensity maximum of the excitation band corresponding to flavins;
diagnosing the patient as having benign prostate hyperplasia when the ratio R 1 is approximately 0.5, the ratio R 2 is approximately 0.8 and the ratio R 3 is approximately 0.8; and
diagnosing the patient as having prostate cancer when the ratio R 1 is at least approximately 0.64, the ratio R 2 is at least approximately 1.26 and the ratio R 3 is at least approximately 2.0.