Apparatus and method for carbon fiber surface treatment
An apparatus and method for enhancing the surface energy and/or surface chemistry of carbon fibers involves exposing the fibers to direct or indirect contact with atmospheric pressure plasma generated using a background gas containing at least some oxygen or other reactive species. The fiber may be exposed directly to the plasma, provided that the plasma is nonfilamentary, or the fiber may be exposed indirectly through contact with gases exhausting from a plasma discharge maintained in a separate volume. In either case, the process is carried out at or near atmospheric pressure, thereby eliminating the need for vacuum equipment. The process may be further modified by moistening the fibers with selected oxygen-containing liquids before exposure to the plasma.
1. A method for treating carbon fiber comprising:
biasing a tow of carbon fiber to provide a first electrode;
forming a non-filamentary plasma discharge between the first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the non-filamentary plasma discharge produces at least one oxidative species from a gas;
traversing the tow of carbon fiber through a dielectric cavity that separates the tow of carbon fiber from the second electrode, wherein the tow of carbon fiber is under tension so that it does not contact the sidewalls of the dielectric cavity; and
applying the at least one oxidative species to an exposed surface of the tow of carbon fiber within the dielectric cavity at substantially one atmosphere pressure, wherein the at least one oxidative species modifies a surface energy of the at least one carbon fiber.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one oxidative species oxidizes the exposed surface of the tow of carbon fiber.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying of the plasma discharge to the exposed surface of the tow of carbon fiber is at a temperature ranging from about 20° C. to about 300° C.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the exposure of the tow of carbon fiber to the at least one oxidative species reduces the surface energy of the tow of carbon fiber.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the at least one oxidative species comprises O 2 , O x , O, N x O y , H x O y , or combinations thereof including ions and radicals thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one oxidative species produced by the plasma discharge is produced by flowing a stream of the gas through the plasma discharge, and wherein the applying of the at least one oxidative species to the exposed surface of at least one carbon fiber comprises drawing the at least one carbon fiber through an exhaust of the gas stream containing the at least one oxidative species that is separate from the plasma discharge.