Method of forming a non-volatile memory having a silicon nitride charge trap layer
A flash memory device and methods of forming a flash memory device are provided. The flash memory device includes a doped silicon nitride layer having a dopant comprising carbon, boron or oxygen. The doped silicon nitride layer generates a higher number and higher concentration of nitrogen and silicon dangling bonds in the layer and provides an increase in charge holding capacity and charge retention time of the unit cell of a non-volatile memory device.
1. A method of forming a flash memory device, the method comprising:
(a) forming a silicon dioxide layer on a substrate;
(b) depositing a silicon nitride layer on the silicon dioxide layer;
(c) exposing the silicon nitride layer to a dopant process gas comprising carbon-containing species;
(d) forming a doped silicon nitride layer by energizing the dopant process gas to form a plasma to dope the silicon nitride layer with a dopant comprising carbon;
(e) depositing a dielectric material on the doped silicon nitride layer; and
(f) depositing a conductive gate on the dielectric material.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein (d) comprises forming a doped silicon nitride layer comprising dopant in a percentage sufficiently high to increase the charge retention time of the doped silicon nitride layer relative to an un-doped silicon nitride layer by at least about 5%.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein (d) comprises forming a doped silicon nitride layer comprising dopant in a percentage sufficiently high to increase the charge retention time of the doped silicon nitride layer relative to the un-doped silicon nitride layer by at least about 1%.
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein (d) comprises forming a doped silicon nitride layer comprising dopant in a percentage of from about 1% to about 50%.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein in (b) the silicon nitride layer is deposited with a deposition process gas comprising SiH 4 , NH 3 and N 2 .
6. A method according to claim 1 wherein (d) comprises;
heating the substrate to dope the deposited silicon nitride layer with the dopant comprising carbon.
7. A method according to claim 1 wherein the dielectric material comprises a high-k dielectric.
8. A method according to claim 1 wherein the dielectric material comprises aluminum oxide.
9. A method according to claim 1 wherein the conductive gate comprises titanium or tantalum.
10. A method of forming a flash memory device, the method comprising:
(a) forming a silicon dioxide layer on a substrate;
(b) depositing a silicon nitride layer on the silicon dioxide layer;
(c) during (b), exposing the silicon nitride layer to a plasma comprising an energized dopant process gas, the dopant process gas comprising a carbon-containing species, to dope the silicon nitride layer with a dopant comprising carbon;
(d) depositing a dielectric material on the doped silicon nitride layer; and
(e) depositing a conductive gate on the dielectric material.
11. A method according to claim 10 wherein the silicon nitride is deposited with a deposition process gas comprising SiH 4 , NH 3 , and N 2 .
12. A method according to claim 10 wherein the dielectric material comprises a high-k dielectric.
13. A method according to claim 10 wherein the dielectric material comprises aluminum oxide.
14. A method according to claim 10 wherein the conductive gate comprises titanium or tantalum.
15. A method according to claim 10 wherein (b) comprises forming a doped silicon nitride layer comprising dopant in a percentage sufficiently high to increase the charge retention time of the doped silicon nitride layer relative to an un-doped silicon nitride layer by at least about 5%.
16. A method according to claim 10 wherein (b) comprises forming a doped silicon nitride layer comprising dopant in a percentage sufficiently high to increase the charge retention time of the doped silicon nitride layer relative to the un-doped silicon nitride layer by at least about 1%.
17. A method of forming a flash memory device, the method comprising:
(a) forming a silicon dioxide layer on a substrate;
(b) depositing a silicon nitride layer on the silicon dioxide layer;
(c) during (b), exposing the silicon nitride layer to a plasma comprising an energized dopant process gas, the dopant process gas comprising a carbon-containing species, to dope the deposited silicon nitride layer with a dopant comprising carbon;
(d) during (c), heating the substrate to dope the silicon nitride layer with a dopant comprising carbon;
(e) depositing a dielectric material on the doped silicon nitride layer; and
(f) depositing a conductive gate on the dielectric material.
18. A method according to claim 17 wherein the silicon nitride is deposited with a deposition process gas comprising SiH 4 , NH 3 , and N 2 .
19. A method according to claim 17 wherein the dielectric material comprises a high-k dielectric.
20. A method according to claim 17 wherein the dielectric material comprises aluminum oxide.
21. A method according to claim 17 wherein the conductive gate comprises titanium or tantalum.
22. A method according to claim 17 wherein (c) comprises forming a doped silicon nitride layer comprising dopant in a percentage sufficiently high to increase the charge retention time of the doped silicon nitride layer relative to an un-doped silicon nitride layer by at least about 5%.
23. A method according to claim 17 wherein (c) comprises forming a doped silicon nitride layer comprising dopant in a percentage sufficiently high to increase the charge retention time of the doped silicon nitride layer relative to the un-doped silicon nitride layer by at least about 1%.