Reactor with jet impingment heat transfer
A catalytic reactor containing a core structure near the reactor axis and a casing structure near the reactor wall, the two structures differing from each other to promote catalysis and heat transfer, respectively. The casing contains a multiplicity of first devices for directing fluid centrifugally impinge a reactor wall and second devices for permitting fluid to flow away from a reactor wall as the fluid flows from the inlet to the outlet of the reactor.
1. An engineered packing for use in a reactor comprising: an inlet, an outlet, an axis, a core structure disposed at least proximate the axis and having a plurality of passages for passage of fluid therethrough, and a monolithic casing structure disposed about at least a portion of the core structure, the monolithic casing structure being distinct from the core structure and including a plurality of channels in fluid communication with the plurality of passages of the core structure, for directing fluid through the reactor centrifugally to impinge said reactor wall at an angle of incidence of not more than 85 degrees with respect to the reactor wall.
2. The engineered packing of claim 1 , wherein the core structure is non-monolithic.
3. The engineered packing of claim 1 , wherein the core structure has a void fraction which is at least 10% lower than a void fraction of the monolithic casing structure.
4. The engineered packing of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of passages in the core structure have a hydraulic diameter, and the plurality of channels in the monolithic casing structure have a hydraulic diameter, and the average hydraulic diameter of the core structure is at least 10% greater than the average hydraulic diameter of the monolithic casing structure.
5. The engineered packing of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of channels in the monolithic casing structure and each of the plurality of passages in the core structure have respective percentage volumes for directing fluid centrifugally as the fluid flows from the inlet to the outlet of the engineered packing, and the core structure has at least a 10% lower percentage volume for directing fluid centrifugally as it flows from the inlet to the outlet of the engineered packing than that of the monolithic casing structure.
6. The engineered packing of claim 1 , wherein the monolithic casing structure and the core structure have respective permeabilities, and wherein the permeability of the monolithic casing structure is greater than the permeability of the core structure such that axial mass flux of fluid through the monolithic casing structure is greater than axial mass flux of fluid through the core structure.
7. The engineered packing of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of passages of the core structure is defined by only perforated walls.
8. The engineered packing of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of channels of the casing structure are radially arrayed.
9. The engineered packing of claim 1 , wherein the monolithic casing structure and the core structure have a plurality of surfaces, and wherein at least some of the surfaces of at least one of the monolithic casing structure and the core structure comprise a catalyst.
10. The engineered packing of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the monolithic casing structure and the core structure comprises at least one of a metal or ceramic substrate.
11. The engineered packing of claim 10 , wherein the metal is perforated sheet metal.
12. The engineered packing of claim 1 , wherein the monolithic casing structure comprises first and second columns, which each include devices, to direct a fluid flowing therethrough centrifugally and centripetally, respectively.
13. The engineered packing of claim 12 , wherein the first and second columns are separated by walls, and wherein the first and second columns are in fluid communication proximate the reactor wall.
14. The engineered packing of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic reactor is employed for at least one of steam reforming and for the after treatment of emissions from an internal combustion engine.
15. The engineered packing of claim 1 , wherein the casing structure has a geometric configuration, and wherein the geometric configuration of the casing structure is distinct from an extension of the geometric configuration of the core structure.
16. The engineered packing of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of channels are defined by non-perforated walls.
17. An engineered packing for use in a reactor comprising radially arrayed channels for directing fluid flowing therethrough centrifugally and centripetally, respectively, a plurality of radially and axially aligned walls joined by circumferentially and axially aligned walls, which circumferential walls between consecutive pairs of radially aligned walls are alternatingly more proximate a first wall and more remote from the first wall, the circumferential walls further having portions inclined at an oblique angle to the reactor axis to direct fluid centrifugally or centripetally as the fluid flows through the reactor, the engineered packing being disposed proximate the first wall.
18. The engineered packing of claim 17 , wherein the packing is further defined by a second wall on an opposite side of the packing from the first wall, such that centrifugally flowing fluid is directed to impinge the first wall and centripetally flowing fluid is directed to impinge the second wall.
19. The engineered packing of claim 17 , wherein the radius of the reactor wall is infinity.